International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS)

Submit an article: https://tinyurl.com/INJELPS

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesINJELPS 

Frequency: A Quarterly Peer-Reviewed International Research Journal

Print ISSN: 3116-3769

Electronic ISSN: 3116-3777

About the Journal

The International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS) is a scholarly, open-access,quarterly, peer-reviewed, international print and online research journal dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in education, learning sciences, pedagogy, curriculum studies, and educational leadership. INJELPS serves as a global platform for educators, researchers, school leaders, policymakers, and academic practitioners to disseminate high-quality empirical, theoretical, and practice-based research that contributes to the improvement of teaching and learning across diverse educational contexts. The journal is committed to maintaining rigorous scholarly standards, ethical research practices, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and print and electronic ISSN accreditation.

Aims and Scope

Aims

INJELPS aims to:

1. Promote innovative, evidence-based research in education and learning sciences
2. Advance theoretical and practical understanding of pedagogy across levels of education
3. Provide a venue for global and comparative educational studies
4. Support educational leadership, policy development, and curriculum reform
5. Foster interdisciplinary dialogue linking education with psychology, technology, sociology, and policy studies

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, systematic reviews, conceptual papers, and practice-based studies in, but not limited to, the following areas:

• Teaching and learning sciences
• Curriculum development and evaluation
• Educational leadership and school management
• Teacher education and professional development
• Assessment, measurement, and evaluation
• Educational psychology and learner development
• Technology-enhanced learning and digital pedagogy
• Inclusive education and special education
• Higher education, basic education, and lifelong learning
• Comparative and international education
• Education policy, reform, and governance

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year)
• Formats: Print and Online
• Review Type: Double-blind peer review
• Identifiers:
  • Print ISSN 
  • Electronic ISSN
  • Crossref DOI assigned to all published articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/INJELPS

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

Authors must follow the journal format, including the official manuscript template, header, footer, font size, and font style.

Author/s must download and strictly follow the sample manuscript template available via this link:

https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesINJELPS

Please reduce the manuscript to 10–12 pages only, including the References section. Select and present only the most salient and essential parts of the paper while maintaining clarity and scholarly rigor.

Additional Requirements

1. Academic Significance, Contribution to Education, and Pedagogical Innovation

The manuscript must demonstrate clear academic and practical significance in the field of education, learning sciences, or pedagogy.

The study should contribute meaningful insights related to:

• Teaching and learning processes • Curriculum development and instructional design • Educational leadership and policy • Assessment and evaluation practices • Teacher development and professional practice • Innovative or technology-enhanced pedagogies

The manuscript must clearly present:

• The research gap in educational research or practice • The importance of the study to educators, institutions, or learning communities • The novel or innovative contribution to teaching, learning, or pedagogy

Authors must explicitly explain how the present study advances knowledge or practice in education.

2. English Usage (or Filipino, as may be applicable)

The manuscript must adhere to the rules of formal academic language.

Please observe the following:

• Use past tense consistently since the research has already been completed. • Avoid first-person point of view (“I,” “we”); maintain a third-person scholarly tone. • Avoid contractions; write complete words for formal academic writing. • Provide English translations for terms or expressions that may not be understandable to international readers.

3. Abstract

The abstract must follow the INJELPS structured format and clearly summarize the study.

It should concisely present:

• The aim or purpose of the study within the context of education or pedagogy • The research methodology or design • The major findings or results • The implications for teaching, learning, curriculum, or educational practice

Keywords must also be included.

4. Introduction / Background of the Study

The introduction must clearly establish the educational context and relevance of the study.

It must:

• Present a clear rationale from global educational contexts to Philippine or local contexts. • Identify current educational trends, challenges, or issues relevant to the study. • Support arguments with recent and relevant literature (preferably 2021–2026). • Clearly explain the research gap, including why the study is necessary. • Explain how the present research differs from or improves upon previous studies.

5. Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives, and Research Questions

The Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives, and Research Questions must be clearly presented and logically connected.

Statement of the Problem

The statement of the problem must clearly describe the educational issue, gap, or challenge that the study seeks to address.

It should:

• Be written in declarative narrative form, not as questions. • Provide sufficient context explaining why the study is necessary in the field of education. • Highlight the significance and scope of the educational issue being investigated.

Example:

Despite increasing international mobility of educators, little is known about how Filipino teachers adapt their pedagogical practices when teaching in foreign educational systems such as Thailand.

Research Objectives

Research objectives must clearly state what the study intends to accomplish.

They should:

• Be written in infinitive form (e.g., “To examine…”, “To explore…”, “To determine…”). • Include a general objective followed by specific objectives. • Be aligned with the problem statement.

Research Questions

Research questions should be written in clear interrogative form, such as:

• What are the experiences of Filipino educators teaching in Thailand? • How do Filipino teachers adapt their pedagogical approaches in foreign educational environments?

Research questions must guide data collection, analysis, and interpretation.

6. Review of Related Literature and Studies

The Review of Related Literature and Studies must include sufficient, relevant, and recent educational research supporting the study.

Ensure that:

• Sources are recent and relevant (preferably 2021–2026). • Citations are clearly connected to the arguments presented in the study. • Literature reflects developments in education, pedagogy, curriculum, teacher education, or learning sciences. • The section concludes with a clear synthesis that identifies the research gap and justifies the present study.

Avoid:

• Outdated references unless historically necessary. • Sources with no date (n.d.).

7. Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework

The study must be anchored on an appropriate educational, pedagogical, or learning theory.

Examples may include:

• Constructivist Learning Theory • Experiential Learning Theory • Sociocultural Learning Theory • Teacher Identity Theory • Transformative Learning Theory

The framework must clearly explain:

• The theory used in the study • Its relevance to the research problem • How it guided the research design, data collection, and interpretation of results

A conceptual framework diagram should be included when appropriate.

8. Research Methodology

The methodology section must be well-structured, clear, and logically organized.

Subsections should include:

Research Design

Explain the research design used (e.g., qualitative phenomenology, case study, mixed methods, etc.), how it was applied, and why it was appropriate for the study.

Participants / Population and Sampling

Provide the exact number of participants and explain how and why they were selected.

Participants may include:

• teachers • students • school administrators • educational leaders • curriculum developers

Instruments

State whether the instrument was:

• adopted • adapted • researcher-made

Describe the validation process and qualifications of validators when applicable.

Data Collection

Clearly describe:

• how the data were collected • when the data collection occurred • where the data were collected

Do not include ethical approval in this subsection.

Treatment of Data / Data Analysis

Explain the analytical procedures used.

For qualitative studies, avoid generic explanations. Instead, explain how the method (e.g., thematic analysis or phenomenological analysis) was applied to your data.

Ethical Considerations

Include:

• ethics approval • informed consent • permissions from institutions or participants

Important Reminders

• Avoid “chop-suey writing” (mixing unrelated content in different subsections). • If the study used mixed methods, discuss quantitative and qualitative procedures separately. • Use plural form (“researchers”) when the paper has multiple authors.

9. Results and Discussion

Results must be:

• clearly presented • logically organized • aligned with the research questions.

Authors must:

• interpret the findings rather than simply repeat results. • support interpretations with relevant educational literature. • integrate the discussion immediately after each result.

The discussion should explain what the findings mean for teaching, learning, or educational practice.

10. Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions must be logically drawn from the study’s findings.

Recommendations must be:

• specific • practical • relevant to educators, institutions, or policymakers

Avoid generic recommendations.

11. References (APA 7th Edition)

References must strictly follow APA 7th edition.

Ensure that:

• All in-text citations appear in the References list and vice versa. • References are arranged alphabetically. • DOI links are provided whenever available. • Hanging indentation is used.

The manuscript will not proceed to publication if citation errors remain.

12. Acronyms and Abbreviations

Always define acronyms upon first mention.

Example:

Department of Education (DepEd)

Do not assume that international readers are familiar with local acronyms.

Authors are also required to submit a duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, which can be accessed via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

Editor’s Note (Maiden Issue)

International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS)

It is with great pride and enthusiasm that we present the maiden issue of the International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS). This inaugural publication marks an important milestone in ETCOR’s continuing commitment to advancing high-quality educational research that informs theory, policy, and practice across diverse academic and professional contexts. Volume I, Issue 1 (2026) brings together thirty-one peer-reviewed scholarly articles authored by researchers, educators, and academic practitioners whose works contribute valuable insights to contemporary educational discourse.

Education remains at the heart of societal transformation. As learning environments evolve in response to technological advancement, emerging learner needs, and complex global challenges, the demand for rigorous and ethical educational research becomes increasingly vital. The studies featured in this issue reflect this dynamic landscape by addressing topics such as conceptual learning in mathematics, technological competencies in international training programs, teacher stress management, disaster preparedness in schools, and instructional innovation across various disciplines.

This maiden issue also highlights research exploring curriculum development and subject-specific pedagogy, including studies on Araling Panlipunan instructional materials, Filipino research writing competencies, and the use of popular media such as Maria Clara at Ibarra in teaching literary classics. Other contributions investigate campus journalism experiences, library education services, and the professional preparation of pre-service teachers, demonstrating the multifaceted nature of contemporary educational practice and teacher development.

Several articles focus on educational leadership, professional competencies, and teacher performance, examining themes such as leadership styles, faculty work attitudes, assessment literacy, teachers’ self-efficacy, adversity quotient, and professional standards implementation. These studies contribute important perspectives on how institutional leadership, teacher well-being, and professional development influence educational outcomes and organizational effectiveness.

The issue also features investigations into student development and learning experiences, including research on kindergarten readiness, early childhood sensory play and separation anxiety, mathematics anxiety among senior high school learners, cyberbullying experiences, student engagement, and self-regulated learning strategies. Complementing these are studies on digital learning innovations, including the use of educational technology tools, smart classroom writing platforms, and proposed digital learning applications designed to enhance reading comprehension and analytical skills.

As a peer-reviewed international journal, INJELPS upholds rigorous academic standards through a double-blind review process, strict adherence to publication ethics, and commitment to originality and methodological rigor. Each manuscript underwent comprehensive evaluation by expert reviewers to ensure that the research published contributes meaningful knowledge and practical implications for educators, administrators, curriculum developers, and policymakers.

This inaugural issue is therefore a testament to the collaborative efforts of authors, peer reviewers, editorial board members, and language specialists whose dedication has shaped the quality of this publication. The diversity of topics—from classroom practices and leadership dynamics to digital learning environments and multicultural communication—reflects the journal’s commitment to promoting interdisciplinary perspectives within the field of education.

INJELPS is intentionally positioned as a platform for global and cross-cultural scholarly exchange. Contributions in this issue represent a variety of educational contexts and research methodologies, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method approaches. Such diversity strengthens the dialogue between theory and practice and encourages comparative insights across educational systems.

The journal likewise seeks to support emerging scholars and practitioner-researchers, recognizing that meaningful educational innovation often arises from those working directly within classrooms, schools, and academic institutions. By providing a rigorous yet supportive publication venue, INJELPS aims to nurture scholarly growth while maintaining international publication standards.

As we launch this maiden issue, we reaffirm our commitment to ethical publishing, transparency, scholarly excellence, and continuous improvement. With the foundation established in this first volume, INJELPS aspires to become a recognized platform for impactful research that informs educational transformation and lifelong learning worldwide.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we extend our sincere gratitude to all contributors who made this inaugural issue possible. We invite researchers, educators, and academic leaders around the world to continue collaborating with INJELPS in advancing knowledge, innovation, and excellence in education.

Richard D. Sanchez, LPT, PhD Editor-in-Chief International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS)

Editorial Board:

Editor-in-Chief

• Dr. Richard D. Sanchez

Graduate School Research Professor, John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University (Arevalo), Inc., Iloilo City, Philippines

Associate Editor        

• Dr. Imelda M. Flores, Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, Batangas State University – The National Engineering University – Lipa Campus           
• Dr. Edilhynie M. Jambangan, Instructor, Holy Cross College of Sasa, Inc., Davao City

Managing Editor

Journal Staff

• Editorial Assistant: Mr. Carlo D. Mendoza
• Copy Editor: Ms. Lorraine P. Villaflor
• Language Editor: Dr. Roselyn M. Flores
• Layout and Production Editor: Mr. Raymond A. Castillo
• Plagiarism and Ethics Officer: Dr. Noel B. Ramirez
• Technical and Web Support: ETCOR Publications Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Rosalina M. Cortez – Teacher Education, Philippines
• Dr. Michael A. O’Connor – Educational Leadership, Ireland
• Dr. Fatima N. Al-Hassan – Curriculum Studies, Saudi Arabia
• Dr. James K. Holloway – Higher Education Studies, United States
• Dr. Priya R. Menon – Learning Sciences, India
• Dr. Luis Alberto Fernandez – Comparative Education, Spain
• Dr. Mei-Ling Wu – Educational Technology, Taiwan
• Dr. Samuel T. Okoro – Education Policy and Governance, Nigeria
• Dr. Katrina L. Bautista – Inclusive Education, Philippines
• Dr. Andrew J. Collins – Assessment and Measurement, Australia

Published Articles

Bista, R. Q. (2026). Enhancing the conceptual skills of Grade 7 students in measurements and 

calculations through a teacher-made module. International Journal of Education, 

Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 1-9. 

https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps1

Verzola, A. B. (2026). Quantitative analysis of the technological skills and experiences of OISCA-

Abra Trainees (ASIST Graduates) as technical intern trainees in Japan: An evaluation of 

OISCA-driven internship training program. International Journal of Education, Learning, 

and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps2

Ponce, M. R., Garma, M. F. C., Galapon, J. A., Capinpin, J. P. L., Pantaleon, C. L., Teja, E. M. P. 

(2026). Unfold the untold: Stories of Special Program in the Arts teacher-implementers. 

International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 

21-28. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps3

Mirabueno, G. U., & Almerez, Q. L. G. (2026). Navigating work-related stress: Teachers’ 

strategies for effective job stress management. International Journal of Education, 

Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 29-38. 

https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps4

Mirabueno, N. V., & Almerez, Q. L. G. (2026). Shaking up disaster preparedness in schools: 

Uncovering the lived experiences among elementary school DRRM coordinators during 

actual earthquakes. International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical 

Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps5

Apales, P. G. C., & Cruz, R. O. (2026). Pagsipat sa kasanayan ng mga mag-aaral sa Pananaliksik 

sa Filipino: Saligan sa pagbuo ng programang bootcamp. International Journal of 

Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 55-65. 

https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps6

Flores, R. A. (2026). Teleseryeng Maria Clara at Ibarra sa pagtuturo ng Noli Me Tangere. 

International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 

66-76. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps7

Caballero, J. L., & Cruz, R. O. (2026). Karanasan at mga hamon sa pamahayagang pangkampus: 

Mga basehan sa angkop na estratehiya sa kakayahang dyornalistiko. International Journal 

of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 77-89. 

https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps8

Cabico, G. T. (2026). Instructional needs and creative practices: Basis for the development of 

proposed creative learning materials for Grade 9 Araling Panlipunan. International Journal 

of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 90-102. 

https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps9

De Regla, E. N., & Santos, N. B. (2026). The use of digital tools in education: Insights from 

students, teachers and school administrators in Bulacan, Philippines. International Journal 

of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 103-115. 

https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps10

Butac, S. R., Sanchez, R. D., Pangilinan, A. M., Vergara, I. B., Sanchez, A. M. P., Sanchez, J. J. 

D., & Flores, J. S. (2026). Language, expression, and responsibility: An interdisciplinary 

study of freedom of speech, values education, and legal consciousness in Philippine 

education. International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences 

(INJELPS), 1(1), 116-129. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps11

Ladigohon, M. L. B., & Hordista, A. S. (2026). Teachers’ preparation and kindergarten learners’ 

readiness and performance. International Journal of Education, Learning, and 

Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 130-141. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps11

Pasion, L. S. (2026). Graduate school library user education rendered at the University of La 

Salette, Inc.: Basis for strengthening Library Education. International Journal of 

Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 142-154. 

https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps13

Complativo, C. M. (2026). Challenges encountered by Araling Panlipunan majors conducting 

practice teaching in selected schools in the National Capital Region (NCR): Basis for a 

proposed pedagogical framework for pre-service training. International Journal of 

Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 155-167. 

https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps14

Laviste, V. M.  (2026). Work core values, work attitudes, unit head’s leadership styles, and faculty 

work performance: Their relationship and implication to policy direction. International 

Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 168-183. 

https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps15

Respino, A. G. (2026). Educational pathways and employment outcomes of TVL–Home 

Economics graduates: A tracer study. International Journal of Education, Learning, and 

Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 184-193. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps16

Donatos, B. D., & Gallaron, J. B. (2026). Job satisfaction, situational leadership practices, and 

conflict management skills among the public secondary school teachers. International 

Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 194-206. 

https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps17

Mangulabnan-Padaca, C. F., & Ramos, W. C. (2026). Cyberbullying in focus: A photovoice 

inquiry. International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences 

(INJELPS), 1(1), 207-217. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps18

Pegalan, M. J. D., & Lamberte, M. L. (2026). Senior high school students' Mathematics anxiety 

through learning modalities and digital tools utilization. International Journal of 

Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 218-232. 

https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps19

Salutan, J. R. R., & Castro, J. S. (2026). Relationship between stress response modulation and its 

influence on teaching performance. International Journal of Education, Learning, and 

Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 233-244. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps20

Villanueva, I. G. (2026). EMOGI-PDT: A proposed e-tool to aid students’ development of 

understanding in analyzing descriptive texts. International Journal of Education, Learning, 

and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 245-257. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps21

Villanueva, G. K. M. (2026). Sensory play engagement, self-regulated strategies, and separation 

anxiety among early childhood learners. International Journal of Education, Learning, and 

Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 258-270. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps22

Pepito, R. B., Digamon, J. S. (2026). Teachers’ self-efficacy, adversity quotient, job  satisfaction, 

and teaching performance. International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical 

Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 271-284. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps23

Ramirez, L. D. M., Gersana, Z. G., & Cabrejas, M. M. (2026). Assessment literacy, transactional 

leadership styles, pedagogical innovation skills, and teachers’ 21st century competencies. 

International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 

285-297. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps24

Quilang, R. M., & Cabrejas, M. M. (2026). Student engagement, self-regulated learning strategies, 

and English academic performance in active learning setting. International Journal of 

Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 298-310. 

https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps25

Delmonte-Rance, E. J. (2026). Extent of the implementation of the PPSSH: Basis for enhanced 

continuing professional development program. International Journal of Education, 

Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 311-324. 

https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps26

Serrano, R. M. (2026). Enhancing Students’ Algebraic problem-solving skills through multi-step 

equations. International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences 

(INJELPS), 1(1), 325-333. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps27

Rubin, N. M. L. M., & Opina, M. F. D. (2026). Creativity, digital literacy, support system and 

performance of kindergarten teachers. International Journal of Education, Learning, and 

Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 334-346. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps28

Gao, Y., & Gordonas, A. A. (2026). A phenomenological study of Chinese students’ and teachers’ 

experiences with smart classroom writing tools. International Journal of Education, 

Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 347-357. 

https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps29

Serrano, J. L.  (2026). Multicultural communication in education: Stakeholder perspectives in a 

school community. International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical 

Sciences (INJELPS), 1(1), 358-368. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps30

Briones, M. P.  (2026). Chronicles of classroom advisers: Exploration of experiences and training 

needs. International Journal of Education, Learning, and Pedagogical Sciences 

(INJELPS), 1(1), 369-381. https://doi.org/10.63498/injelps31

International Journal of Accountancy, Business, and Management Studies (IJABMS)

Submit an article: https://tinyurl.com/IJABMS 

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesIJABMS 

Frequency: A Quarterly Peer-Reviewed International Research Journal

Print ISSN: 3116-3785

Electronic ISSN: 3116-3793

About the Journal

The International Journal of Accountancy, Business, and Management Studies (IJABMS) is a scholarly, open-access, quarterly, peer-reviewed, international print and online research journal dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in accountancy, business, management, finance, entrepreneurship, and organizational studies. IJABMS serves as a global platform for accountants, business scholars, management researchers, finance professionals, entrepreneurs, policymakers, and interdisciplinary researchers to disseminate high-quality empirical, theoretical, and practice-based research that contributes to ethical business practice, organizational effectiveness, and sustainable economic development. The journal is committed to maintaining rigorous scholarly standards, ethical research practices, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and print and electronic ISSN accreditation.

Aims and Scope

Aims

IJABMS aims to:

1. Promote high-quality research in accountancy, business, and management
2. Advance theoretical and applied understanding of organizational and financial systems
3. Encourage interdisciplinary research linking business, governance, technology, and society
4. Provide a venue for global, comparative, and industry-relevant studies
5. Support ethical, innovative, and sustainable business and management practices

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, systematic reviews, conceptual papers, case studies, and policy analyses in, but not limited to, the following areas:

• Financial accounting and reporting
• Management accounting and control systems
• Auditing, assurance, and corporate accountability
• Business management and organizational behavior
• Strategic management and corporate governance
• Entrepreneurship, innovation, and SMEs
• Marketing, consumer behavior, and branding
• Finance, investment, and financial markets
• Human resource management and leadership
• Business analytics, digital business, and FinTech
• Sustainable business and corporate social responsibility

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year)
• Formats: Print and Online
• Review Type: Double-blind peer review
• Identifiers:
  • Print ISSN 
  • Electronic ISSN 
  • Crossref DOI assigned to all published articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/IJABMS

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

With regard to manuscript submitted for possible publication, please ensure to strictly follow the IJABMS journal format, including the official manuscript template, header, footer, font size, and font style.

Author/s must download and follow the official template available here:

IJABMS Manuscript Template: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...

Please reduce the manuscript to 10–12 pages only, including the References section. Present only the most essential and significant parts of the study while maintaining clarity, coherence, and scholarly rigor.

Additional Requirements

1. Academic Significance, Contribution to Business Knowledge, and Managerial Innovation

The manuscript must demonstrate clear academic and practical significance in the fields of accountancy, business, finance, management, or entrepreneurship.

The study should contribute meaningful insights related to:

• Financial management and accounting practices • Business strategy and organizational performance • Entrepreneurship and innovation management • Marketing and consumer behavior • Corporate governance and business ethics • Sustainable business practices and economic development • Human resource management and organizational behavior • Customer satisfaction and service quality

The manuscript must clearly explain:

• The research gap in business or management literature • The importance of the study to business organizations, industries, or policymakers • The innovative contribution of the research to business knowledge or practice

Authors must clearly explain how the present study advances knowledge in the fields of accountancy, business, and management studies.

2. English Usage

The manuscript must strictly follow the rules of formal academic writing.

Please observe the following guidelines:

• Use past tense consistently since the research has already been completed. • Avoid first-person point of view (“I,” “we”). Maintain a third-person scholarly tone. • Avoid contractions (e.g., “don’t,” “can’t”). Use complete words instead. • Ensure clarity and coherence of sentences and paragraphs. • Provide English translations for terms or expressions that may not be understandable to international readers.

Manuscripts with poor English grammar and unclear writing will be returned for language revision before peer review.

3. Abstract

The abstract must follow the IJABMS structured format.

It must clearly present:

• The purpose or objective of the study within the context of accountancy, business, or management • The research methodology or design used • The major findings or results of the study • The implications for business practice, management decision-making, or policy

The abstract should be concise, clear, and limited to one paragraph.

Authors must also include 3–5 keywords related to the research topic.

4. Introduction / Background of the Study

The introduction must clearly establish the business or organizational context of the study.

It must:

• Present a clear global-to-local discussion of business trends or issues. • Identify current business challenges, financial issues, or management problems relevant to the research topic. • Support arguments with recent and relevant literature (preferably 2021–2026). • Clearly identify the research gap in business or management research. • Explain why the present study is necessary and significant.

Authors must also explain how the present research improves upon previous studies in the field.

5. Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives, and Research Questions

These three components must be clearly written and logically aligned.

Statement of the Problem

The statement of the problem must describe the business or organizational issue that the study seeks to address.

It should:

• Be written in declarative narrative form (not in question format). • Explain the business problem or gap in existing research. • Highlight the importance of the issue to organizations, industries, or management practice.

Example:

Despite increasing digital transformation among small enterprises, limited research exists on how digital accounting systems influence financial decision-making among start-up businesses in emerging economies.

Research Objectives

Research objectives must clearly state what the study aims to accomplish.

They should:

• Be written in infinitive form (e.g., “To examine…”, “To determine…”, “To analyze…”). • Include one general objective followed by several specific objectives. • Align directly with the research problem.

Research Questions

Research questions must be written in clear interrogative form, such as:

• What financial management practices are adopted by start-up enterprises? • How does digital accounting adoption influence financial performance?

The research questions must guide the data collection, analysis, and interpretation of the study.

6. Review of Related Literature and Studies

The Review of Related Literature must present relevant and recent studies related to the research topic.

Ensure that:

• Sources are recent and relevant (preferably 2021–2026). • Citations are directly connected to the arguments of the study. • Literature reflects developments in accountancy, finance, management, entrepreneurship, or business strategy.

The literature review must conclude with a clear synthesis that identifies the research gap and justifies the present study.

Avoid:

• Excessively outdated references • Sources with no publication date (n.d.)

7. Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework

The study must be anchored on an appropriate business, economic, or management theory.

Examples include:

• Resource-Based View (RBV) • Stakeholder Theory • Institutional Theory • Agency Theory • Diffusion of Innovation Theory • Strategic Management Theory • Customer Satisfaction Theory

The framework must explain:

• The theory used in the study • Its relevance to the research problem • How it guided the research design, data collection, and interpretation

A conceptual framework diagram should be included when appropriate.

8. Research Methodology

The methodology section must be clear, organized, and logically structured.

Subsections should include:

Research Design

Explain the research design used (e.g., descriptive, correlational, case study, mixed methods).

Participants / Population and Sampling

Indicate the exact number of respondents or participants and explain how they were selected.

Participants may include:

• accountants • business owners • managers • employees • entrepreneurs • customers • financial analysts

Research Instruments

Clearly indicate whether the instrument was:

• adopted • adapted • researcher-made

Explain the validation process and qualifications of validators.

Data Collection

Describe:

• how the data were collected • when the data were collected • where the data were collected

Data Analysis / Treatment of Data

Explain the statistical or qualitative analytical procedures used.

For qualitative research, explain how the thematic analysis or coding procedures were applied.

Ethical Considerations

Include:

• ethics approval • informed consent • confidentiality procedures

9. Results and Discussion

Results must be:

• clearly presented • logically organized • aligned with the research questions

Authors must:

• interpret the findings rather than simply repeat numerical results • support interpretations with relevant business or management literature • integrate the discussion immediately after presenting each result

The discussion must clearly explain the implications of the findings for business practice, management decision-making, or organizational policy.

10. Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions must be directly derived from the findings of the study.

Recommendations must be:

• practical • specific • relevant to business practitioners, managers, or policymakers

Avoid vague or generic recommendations.

11. References (APA 7th Edition)

All references must strictly follow APA 7th Edition format.

Ensure that:

• All in-text citations appear in the References list and vice versa. • References are arranged alphabetically. • DOI links are included whenever available. • Hanging indentation is properly applied.

Manuscripts with citation inconsistencies will not proceed to publication.

12. Acronyms and Abbreviations

Always define acronyms upon first mention.

Example:

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)

Do not assume that international readers are familiar with local or institutional abbreviations.

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

Editor’s Note (Maiden Issue)

International Journal of Accountancy, Business, and Management Studies (IJABMS)

It is with great pride and enthusiasm that we present the maiden issue of the International Journal of Accountancy, Business, and Management Studies (IJABMS). This inaugural publication reflects ETCOR’s continuing commitment to advancing rigorous, ethically grounded, and socially relevant research in the fields of accountancy, business, and management.

Accountancy, business, and management remain central to economic development, organizational sustainability, and responsible governance. In an era characterized by rapid technological advancement, evolving workforce demands, and increasing financial complexity, scholarly inquiry plays a crucial role in guiding strategic decision-making, strengthening institutional practices, and promoting sustainable growth. IJABMS was established to serve as a scholarly platform where such research can be examined critically and translated into practical insights for professionals and organizations.

The articles featured in this maiden issue explore contemporary issues shaping modern organizational and financial environments. One contribution examines the intersection of artificial intelligence and strategic human resource management, highlighting how emerging technologies influence workforce learning, strategic planning, and the development of competitive advantage in organizations. This study reflects the growing importance of digital transformation and technological integration in shaping the future of work and management practice.

Complementing this technological perspective is a study that investigates the financial realities faced by teachers under a twice-a-month salary release system, focusing on financial literacy and the strategies educators employ to manage economic challenges. By examining financial management within the context of public-sector employment, this research underscores the importance of financial awareness, personal budgeting practices, and institutional policies that affect employee well-being and productivity.

As a peer-reviewed international journal, IJABMS upholds the highest standards of academic integrity through a rigorous double-blind review process, strict adherence to publication ethics, and commitment to methodological soundness. Each manuscript undergoes thorough evaluation by independent reviewers to ensure that the research published contributes meaningful knowledge and practical insights to the fields of accountancy, business, and management.

The journal also seeks to bridge the gap between scholarly research and professional practice. Research in accountancy and management achieves its greatest value when it informs organizational leadership, financial decision-making, workforce management, and public policy. IJABMS therefore welcomes studies that provide practical implications for business leaders, educators, policymakers, and professionals working across diverse organizational settings.

This maiden issue is the result of collaborative efforts among authors, reviewers, editors, and language specialists who share a commitment to scholarly excellence and ethical business practice. Their collective contributions have helped establish a publication that aspires to meet international academic standards while remaining responsive to real-world organizational and economic challenges.

IJABMS is intentionally positioned as a global and interdisciplinary journal, welcoming research that examines business and management issues from diverse contexts and perspectives. By encouraging contributions from scholars and practitioners around the world, the journal promotes meaningful dialogue on emerging challenges in business environments, workforce development, financial management, and technological innovation.

The journal is likewise committed to supporting emerging scholars and practitioner-researchers. By providing a supportive yet rigorous publication platform, IJABMS aims to foster scholarly growth and encourage professionals to contribute research that informs both academic discourse and industry practice.

As we launch this inaugural issue, we reaffirm our dedication to ethical publishing, transparency, and continuous improvement. IJABMS will continue to evolve alongside developments in global business environments and research methodologies, ensuring that the journal remains relevant, credible, and impactful.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we extend our sincere gratitude to all who contributed to this maiden issue. We invite accountants, business scholars, managers, and policymakers worldwide to join us in shaping future issues of IJABMS as we collectively advance knowledge, innovation, and responsible leadership in the fields of accountancy, business, and management.

Dr. Allan A. Calderon Editor-in-Chief International Journal of Accountancy, Business, and Management Studies (IJABMS)

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief

• Dr. Allan A. Calderon, Research Faculty Coordinator at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP)
• Prof. Gaphor M. Panimbang, Faculty Member, Adiong Memorial State College - College of Business Administration and College of Education
• Dr. Allan Berjes Pleno, Associate Professor and Department Chair of the BS Entrepreneurship Program, Bulacan State University

Associate Editor

Managing Editor

Section Editors

• Dr. Andrew J. Collins – Accounting Information Systems and Analytics
• Dr. Sofia L. Romano – Marketing and Consumer Behavior
• Dr. Daniel K. Nguyen – Innovation, SMEs, and Digital Business

Journal Staff

• Editorial Assistant: Mr. Joshua L. Navarro
• Copy Editor: Ms. Regina L. Bautista
• Language Editor: Dr. Margaret E. Collins
• Layout and Production Editor: Mr. Vincent A. Navarro
• Plagiarism and Ethics Officer: Dr. Noel B. Ramirez
• Technical and Web Support: ETCOR Publications Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka – Financial Accounting, Japan
• Dr. Maria L. Gonzales – Management Studies, Philippines
• Dr. Andrew P. Collins – Corporate Governance, Australia
• Dr. Aisha R. El-Sayed – Finance and Auditing, Egypt
• Dr. Thomas A. Keller – Strategic Management, Germany
• Dr. Priya S. Nair – Human Resource Management, India
• Dr. Carlos J. Fernandez – Entrepreneurship and SMEs, Spain
• Dr. Mei-Ling Wu – Business Analytics and FinTech, Taiwan
• Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Accounting Standards and Regulation, Nigeria
• Dr. Olivia M. Brooks – Corporate Finance and Sustainability, United States

International Journal of Engineering, Industrial, Maritime, and Technological Innovation (INJENI)

Print ISSN: 3116-3807

Electronic ISSN: 3116-3815

About the Journal

The International Journal of Engineering, Industrial, Maritime, and Technological Innovation (INJENI) is a scholarly, open-access, quarterly, peer-reviewed, international print and online research journal dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in engineering systems, industrial research, maritime engineering, smart technologies, and technological innovation. INJENI serves as a global platform for engineers, industrial researchers, maritime professionals, technologists, systems designers, port and offshore engineers, and interdisciplinary scholars to disseminate high-quality experimental, computational, design-based, and applied research that drives technological progress, industrial efficiency, and sustainable engineering solutions. The journal is committed to maintaining rigorous technical standards, ethical research practices, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and print and electronic ISSN accreditation.

Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/profi...

Submit Study: https://tinyurl.com/INJENIjour...

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...

Aims and Scope

Aims

INJENI aims to:

1. Promote high-quality research in engineering, industrial, maritime, and technological innovation
2. Advance engineering systems design, optimization, and industrial and maritime applications
3. Encourage interdisciplinary integration of engineering, digital technologies, marine and offshore systems, and industry practices
4. Provide a venue for global, applied, and industry-relevant engineering and maritime research
5. Support innovation in maritime, smart, and emerging technologies

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, systematic reviews, technical reports, design studies, and applied research papers in, but not limited to, the following areas:

• Engineering systems and systems engineering
• Industrial engineering and operations management
• Mechanical, electrical, civil, and electronics engineering
• Maritime engineering, naval architecture, offshore systems, marine propulsion, and port technologies
• Automation, robotics, and smart manufacturing
• Industry 4.0, digital transformation, and cyber-physical systems
• Artificial intelligence and data-driven engineering applications
• Sustainable engineering and green technologies
• Infrastructure systems and industrial safety
• Interdisciplinary and applied engineering research

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year)
• Formats: Print and Online
• Review Type: Double-blind peer review
• Identifiers:
  • Print ISSN (to be registered)
  • Electronic ISSN (to be registered)
  • Crossref DOI assigned to all published articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/INJENIjour...

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

With regard to research submitted for possible publication, authors must ensure that they follow the journal format, including the template, header, footer, font size and font style. Author/s must download and follow the sample manuscript found via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI... Kindly reduce the manuscript to 10-12 pages only, including the References. Kindly choose only the most salient parts of the paper

Additionally, kindly comply with the following:

• Academic Significance, Contribution to Discipline or Community, Technical Novelty
• English Usage (or Filipino, as may be applicable)
  • Use past tense consistently since the study is already completed.
  • Avoid first-person point of view (“I,” “we”); instead, maintain a third-person scientific tone.
  • Avoid contractions; spell out complete words to retain formality.
  • Provide English translations for words, terms, or items not understandable to international readers.
• Abstract The abstract should follow the journal’s prescribed format and accurately reflect the study’s major components. Ensure that it correctly presents the aim, methodology, key findings or results, and conclusion in a concise and logical manner.
• Introduction / Background of the Study
  • Present a clear rationale or background from the global to Philippine/local contexts.
  • Show the trends and issues related to the study, supported with recent and relevant citations (2021–2026 preferred).
  • Identify and explain the research gap/s, highlighting why the present study is necessary and how it differs from prior works.
• Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions The Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions must be clearly, explicitly, and logically stated.
  • The statement of the problem is a detailed explanation of the issue, gap, or challenge that the study seeks to address. It frames the context and justifies why the study is necessary, usually written in declarative form as a narrative or paragraph. Its purpose is to highlight the significance, scope, and urgency of the study, providing a broad and contextual background of the issue at hand. For example, a study may state: “Despite government programs, many senior citizens in rural areas experience delays in receiving social pensions, raising concerns about accessibility and efficiency.”
  • The research objectives represent the specific aims or intentions of the study, focusing on what the researcher seeks to accomplish. These are written in infinitive form such as “To determine…” or “To examine…,” ensuring that the targets are clear, measurable, and achievable. Unlike the broad statement of the problem, objectives are narrower and centered on actionable outcomes. For instance, a general objective could be “To assess the implementation of the Social Pension Program in Balbalan, Kalinga.” This may be broken down into specific objectives, such as: (1) To determine the accessibility of the program, (2) To examine its impact on beneficiaries, and (3) To identify challenges faced in its implementation.
  • The research questions are the interrogative form of the objectives, expressed as direct questions the study seeks to answer. They are usually written in formats such as “What is…?” or “How does…?” and serve the purpose of guiding data collection and analysis by pointing to specific inquiries. Research questions are even more specific than objectives, as they operationalize the study’s goals into answerable items. Using the same example, the research questions could include: RQ1: How accessible is the Social Pension Program to senior citizens in Balbalan? RQ2: What impact does the program have on the beneficiaries’ quality of life? RQ3: What challenges hinder the effective implementation of the program?
• Review of Related Literature and Studies
  • Avoid outdated sources (1–2 decades old) for dynamic or evolving concepts.
  • Do not use sources with “no date (n.d.).”
  • Ensure citations are aligned with the arguments and logically linked to the study.
  • There must be a clear synthesis at the end of the RRLS that captures key insights, connects the reviewed works, and justifies the need for the present study.
• Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework
• Research Methodology (Research Design, Population and Sampling, Instrument, Data Collection, Treatment of Data, Ethics in Research)
  • Research Design: Describe what design was used, how it was applied, and why it was the most suited.
  • Population and Sampling and Other Source/s of Data: Provide the exact number of participants/respondents, how and why they were selected. If you used other source/s of data (documents, policies, other contents), describe each document, how each was accessed, and why each is needed in the study. 
  • Instrument/s: State whether the instrument was adopted or researcher-made. Describe its validation process, including the qualifications of validators.
  • Data Collection: Focus on how, when, and where the data was collected. Do not include ethics approval here.
  • Treatment of Data: Clearly describe the methods of data analysis or statistical treatment. For qualitative analysis, avoid generic discussions (e.g., what thematic analysis is according to authors). Instead, show how the method was applied in your study.
  • Ethical Considerations: Include ethical approval, informed consent, and permissions here, not in other subsections.
  • Avoid “chop-suey” writing (mixing unrelated topics).
  • If the study used a mixed-method approach, discuss both parts separately (quantitative and qualitative)—design, participants, instruments, data collection, treatment of data, ethical considerations—and explain how the two sets of data were integrated.
  • Use plural (“researchers”) consistently if the paper has co-authors.
• Results and Discussion
  • Present results clearly, logically, and aligned with the research questions.
  • Support findings with relevant and recent literature.
  • Integrate discussion immediately after each result to enhance coherence.
• Conclusions and Recommendations

The paper should demonstrate importance to the academic community or to research in general. It must offer a material contribution to its discipline and present novel or unique ideas that may be useful to the community. Clearly show the research gap, why there was a need to investigate the present study, and how it is different from previous works.

The manuscript must adhere to the rules of grammar and language usage, whether in English or Filipino.

The introduction must:

This section must include sufficient, relevant, and up-to-date references to support the rationale and conduct of the research.

An appropriate theoretical and/or conceptual framework must be presented to anchor the study.

The methodology section should be well-structured, detailed, and properly organized. Each subsection should only contain content appropriate to it:

Important Reminders:

• Conclusions must be logically drawn from the study’s findings.
• Recommendations should be specific, actionable, and relevant to the results. Avoid generic statements.

• References (APA 7th Edition)

References must strictly adhere to APA 7th edition. Authors must review their entire manuscript carefully:

• Ensure proper formatting (e.g., italicizing journal names, use of “&” vs. “and,” correct application of et al., punctuation, spacing, quotation marks).
• All in-text citations must appear in the References list and vice versa. No mismatches allowed.
• Avoid old references; prioritize recent ones.
• If a citation was included but missing in the References, update it properly (do not erase it without explanation). Similarly, remove unused entries from the References list.
• The paper will not be published if even one citation/reference entry is non-compliant.

APA 7^th requires:

·      All sources listed in the References Section must match 100% with the actual sources used in the entire manuscript, and all sources cited in the entire manuscript are reflected in the list of sources in the References section. 

• Author/s should provide a link to every research article or literature/document, where we can find the journal or document, or best, where we can find the specific research article/document. Must provide the DOI for it, or URL if the journal is not yet DOI accredited, or link to the document. 

·       Arranged alphabetically regardless of classifications (Do not categorize or classify if books, or journals, or other documents. Just arrange alphabetically all sources)

·       Used hanging indent. 

·       Author(s) last name, initials.

·       Year of publication in parentheses.

·       Title of article in sentence case (only first word, proper nouns, and first word after a colon capitalized).

·       Journal titles in italics and title case.

·       Volume numbers italicized; issue numbers in parentheses (not italicized).

·       Page ranges given without extra words.

·       DOI formatted as URL (https://doi.org/...).

·       Retrieval statements are used sparingly (only when content is likely to change).

·       For secondary sources, only the work actually consulted (the secondary source) is included in the References list; the original source cited indirectly (e.g., “as cited in”) must not be listed unless it was directly read by the author.

• Acronyms and Abbreviations

Always define acronyms upon first mention in the manuscript. Do not assume that readers will automatically know them.

Authors are also required to submit a duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, which can be accessed via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

 Editor’s Note

International Journal of Engineering, Industrial, and Technological Innovation (INJENI)

It is with great pride and enthusiasm that we present the maiden issue of the International Journal of Engineering, Industrial, Maritime, and Technological Innovation (INJENI). This inaugural publication reflects ETCOR’s commitment to advancing innovative and application-driven engineering and maritime research.

Engineering and industrial research lie at the core of technological progress and economic development. As industries navigate digital transformation, automation, and sustainability challenges, engineering research must continuously evolve to provide practical and forward-looking solutions.

INJENI provides a scholarly platform for research spanning engineering systems, industrial processes, maritime and offshore technologies, port systems, and smart innovations.

As a peer-reviewed international journal, INJENI upholds the highest standards of technical rigor through a double-blind review process, strict adherence to publication ethics, and emphasis on methodological soundness and validation.

The journal seeks to bridge theory and practice. Engineering research achieves its greatest impact when theoretical models and technological innovations are translated into industrial applications and operational improvements.

This maiden issue is the result of collaborative efforts among authors, reviewers, editors, and technical specialists who share a dedication to scholarly excellence and responsible engineering practice.

INJENI is positioned as a global journal that values interdisciplinary and industry-oriented research. By welcoming contributions from researchers worldwide, the journal promotes international collaboration and knowledge exchange.

The journal is also committed to supporting early-career engineers and emerging researchers. INJENI aims to provide a supportive yet rigorous platform for developing and disseminating innovative engineering ideas.

As we launch this first issue, we reaffirm our commitment to ethical research, safety, and continuous improvement. INJENI will continue to evolve alongside advances in engineering and industrial technologies.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we extend our sincere gratitude to all who contributed to this maiden issue. We invite engineers, technologists, and industrial researchers worldwide to join us in shaping future issues of INJENI.

Engr. Luisito Lolong Lacatan, Editor-in-Chief International Journal of Engineering, Industrial, and Technological Innovation (INJENI)

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief

• Engr. Luisito Lolong Lacatan, Associate Professor V, Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) 

Associate Editors

• Dr. Michael J. O’Connor – Industrial and Systems Engineering
• Dr. Wei Zhang – Automation and Smart Technologies
• Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Maritime and Offshore Engineering
• Dr. Priya R. Menon – Engineering Innovation and Digital Systems

Managing Editor

• Ms. Clarissa R. Mendoza, MSc Engineering

Section Editors

• Dr. Andrew J. Collins – Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
• Dr. Sofia L. Romano – Electrical and Electronics Engineering
• Dr. Daniel K. Nguyen – Infrastructure and Sustainable Engineering

Journal Staff

• Editorial Assistant: Mr. Joshua L. Navarro
• Copy Editor: Ms. Regina L. Bautista, MA English
• Language Editor: Dr. Margaret E. Collins
• Layout and Production Editor: Mr. Vincent A. Navarro
• Plagiarism and Ethics Officer: Dr. Noel B. Ramirez
• Technical and Web Support: ETCOR Publications Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka – Industrial Automation, Japan
• Dr. Maria L. Gonzales – Manufacturing Engineering, Philippines
• Dr. Andrew P. Collins – Systems Engineering, Australia
• Dr. Aisha R. El-Sayed – Smart Technologies, Egypt
• Dr. Thomas A. Keller – Industrial Systems and Optimization, Germany
• Dr. Priya S. Nair – Engineering Innovation, India
• Dr. Carlos J. Fernandez – Maritime Engineering, Spain
• Dr. Mei-Ling Wu – Robotics and Automation, Taiwan
• Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Offshore and Marine Engineering, Nigeria
• Dr. Olivia M. Brooks – Sustainable Engineering Systems, United States

International Journal of Social Science Research and Policy Studies (INSORPS)

Print ISSN: 3116-3823

Electronic ISSN: 3116-3831

About the Journal

The International Journal of Social Science Research and Policy Studies (INSORPS) is a scholarly, open-access,quarterly, peer-reviewed, international print and online research journal dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in social sciences, governance, economics, development studies, and public policy research. INSORPS serves as a global platform for social scientists, economists, development practitioners, policy analysts, public administrators, and interdisciplinary researchers to disseminate high-quality empirical, theoretical, and policy-oriented studies that contribute to understanding social dynamics and improving governance and development outcomes. The journal is committed to maintaining rigorous scholarly standards, ethical research practices, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and print and electronic ISSN accreditation.

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Submit Study: https://tinyurl.com/INSORPSjou...  

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...   

Aims and Scope

Aims

INSORPS aims to:

1. Promote high-quality research in the social sciences and public policy
2. Advance theoretical and empirical understanding of social, economic, and political processes
3. Encourage interdisciplinary and comparative social research
4. Provide a venue for policy-relevant and evidence-based studies
5. Support scholarship that informs governance, development, and social transformation

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, policy papers, and conceptual studies in, but not limited to, the following areas:

• Sociology and social theory
• Economics, development economics, and political economy
• Governance, public administration, and public policy
• Political science and international relations
• Development studies and social development
• Urban and rural studies
• Social inequality, gender, and social inclusion
• Migration, population, and demographic studies
• Community development and social welfare
• Interdisciplinary social science research

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year)
• Formats: Print and Online
• Review Type: Double-blind peer review
• Identifiers:
  • Print ISSN (to be registered)
  • Electronic ISSN (to be registered)
  • Crossref DOI assigned to all published articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/INSORPSjou...  

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

With regard to research submitted for possible publication, authors must ensure that they follow the journal format, including the template, header, footer, font size and font style. Author/s must download and follow the sample manuscript found via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI... Kindly reduce the manuscript to 10-12 pages only, including the References. Kindly choose only the most salient parts of the paper

Additionally, kindly comply with the following:

• Academic Significance, Contribution to Discipline or Community, Technical Novelty
• English Usage (or Filipino, as may be applicable)
  • Use past tense consistently since the study is already completed.
  • Avoid first-person point of view (“I,” “we”); instead, maintain a third-person scientific tone.
  • Avoid contractions; spell out complete words to retain formality.
  • Provide English translations for words, terms, or items not understandable to international readers.
• Abstract The abstract should follow the journal’s prescribed format and accurately reflect the study’s major components. Ensure that it correctly presents the aim, methodology, key findings or results, and conclusion in a concise and logical manner.
• Introduction / Background of the Study
  • Present a clear rationale or background from the global to Philippine/local contexts.
  • Show the trends and issues related to the study, supported with recent and relevant citations (2021–2026 preferred).
  • Identify and explain the research gap/s, highlighting why the present study is necessary and how it differs from prior works.
• Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions The Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions must be clearly, explicitly, and logically stated.
  • The statement of the problem is a detailed explanation of the issue, gap, or challenge that the study seeks to address. It frames the context and justifies why the study is necessary, usually written in declarative form as a narrative or paragraph. Its purpose is to highlight the significance, scope, and urgency of the study, providing a broad and contextual background of the issue at hand. For example, a study may state: “Despite government programs, many senior citizens in rural areas experience delays in receiving social pensions, raising concerns about accessibility and efficiency.”
  • The research objectives represent the specific aims or intentions of the study, focusing on what the researcher seeks to accomplish. These are written in infinitive form such as “To determine…” or “To examine…,” ensuring that the targets are clear, measurable, and achievable. Unlike the broad statement of the problem, objectives are narrower and centered on actionable outcomes. For instance, a general objective could be “To assess the implementation of the Social Pension Program in Balbalan, Kalinga.” This may be broken down into specific objectives, such as: (1) To determine the accessibility of the program, (2) To examine its impact on beneficiaries, and (3) To identify challenges faced in its implementation.
  • The research questions are the interrogative form of the objectives, expressed as direct questions the study seeks to answer. They are usually written in formats such as “What is…?” or “How does…?” and serve the purpose of guiding data collection and analysis by pointing to specific inquiries. Research questions are even more specific than objectives, as they operationalize the study’s goals into answerable items. Using the same example, the research questions could include: RQ1: How accessible is the Social Pension Program to senior citizens in Balbalan? RQ2: What impact does the program have on the beneficiaries’ quality of life? RQ3: What challenges hinder the effective implementation of the program?
• Review of Related Literature and Studies
  • Avoid outdated sources (1–2 decades old) for dynamic or evolving concepts.
  • Do not use sources with “no date (n.d.).”
  • Ensure citations are aligned with the arguments and logically linked to the study.
  • There must be a clear synthesis at the end of the RRLS that captures key insights, connects the reviewed works, and justifies the need for the present study.
• Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework
• Research Methodology (Research Design, Population and Sampling, Instrument, Data Collection, Treatment of Data, Ethics in Research)
  • Research Design: Describe what design was used, how it was applied, and why it was the most suited.
  • Population and Sampling and Other Source/s of Data: Provide the exact number of participants/respondents, how and why they were selected. If you used other source/s of data (documents, policies, other contents), describe each document, how each was accessed, and why each is needed in the study. 
  • Instrument/s: State whether the instrument was adopted or researcher-made. Describe its validation process, including the qualifications of validators.
  • Data Collection: Focus on how, when, and where the data was collected. Do not include ethics approval here.
  • Treatment of Data: Clearly describe the methods of data analysis or statistical treatment. For qualitative analysis, avoid generic discussions (e.g., what thematic analysis is according to authors). Instead, show how the method was applied in your study.
  • Ethical Considerations: Include ethical approval, informed consent, and permissions here, not in other subsections.
  • Avoid “chop-suey” writing (mixing unrelated topics).
  • If the study used a mixed-method approach, discuss both parts separately (quantitative and qualitative)—design, participants, instruments, data collection, treatment of data, ethical considerations—and explain how the two sets of data were integrated.
  • Use plural (“researchers”) consistently if the paper has co-authors.
• Results and Discussion
  • Present results clearly, logically, and aligned with the research questions.
  • Support findings with relevant and recent literature.
  • Integrate discussion immediately after each result to enhance coherence.
• Conclusions and Recommendations

The paper should demonstrate importance to the academic community or to research in general. It must offer a material contribution to its discipline and present novel or unique ideas that may be useful to the community. Clearly show the research gap, why there was a need to investigate the present study, and how it is different from previous works.

The manuscript must adhere to the rules of grammar and language usage, whether in English or Filipino.

The introduction must:

This section must include sufficient, relevant, and up-to-date references to support the rationale and conduct of the research.

An appropriate theoretical and/or conceptual framework must be presented to anchor the study.

The methodology section should be well-structured, detailed, and properly organized. Each subsection should only contain content appropriate to it:

Important Reminders:

• Conclusions must be logically drawn from the study’s findings.
• Recommendations should be specific, actionable, and relevant to the results. Avoid generic statements.

• References (APA 7th Edition)

References must strictly adhere to APA 7th edition. Authors must review their entire manuscript carefully:

• Ensure proper formatting (e.g., italicizing journal names, use of “&” vs. “and,” correct application of et al., punctuation, spacing, quotation marks).
• All in-text citations must appear in the References list and vice versa. No mismatches allowed.
• Avoid old references; prioritize recent ones.
• If a citation was included but missing in the References, update it properly (do not erase it without explanation). Similarly, remove unused entries from the References list.
• The paper will not be published if even one citation/reference entry is non-compliant.

APA 7^th requires:

·      All sources listed in the References Section must match 100% with the actual sources used in the entire manuscript, and all sources cited in the entire manuscript are reflected in the list of sources in the References section. 

• Author/s should provide a link to every research article or literature/document, where we can find the journal or document, or best, where we can find the specific research article/document. Must provide the DOI for it, or URL if the journal is not yet DOI accredited, or link to the document. 

·       Arranged alphabetically regardless of classifications (Do not categorize or classify if books, or journals, or other documents. Just arrange alphabetically all sources)

·       Used hanging indent. 

·       Author(s) last name, initials.

·       Year of publication in parentheses.

·       Title of article in sentence case (only first word, proper nouns, and first word after a colon capitalized).

·       Journal titles in italics and title case.

·       Volume numbers italicized; issue numbers in parentheses (not italicized).

·       Page ranges given without extra words.

·       DOI formatted as URL (https://doi.org/...).

·       Retrieval statements are used sparingly (only when content is likely to change).

·       For secondary sources, only the work actually consulted (the secondary source) is included in the References list; the original source cited indirectly (e.g., “as cited in”) must not be listed unless it was directly read by the author.

• Acronyms and Abbreviations

Always define acronyms upon first mention in the manuscript. Do not assume that readers will automatically know them.

Authors are also required to submit a duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, which can be accessed via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

Editor’s Note

International Journal of Social Science Research and Policy Studies (INSORPS)

It is with great pride and enthusiasm that we present the maiden issue of the International Journal of Social Science Research and Policy Studies (INSORPS). This inaugural publication reflects ETCOR Educational Research Center’s commitment to advancing rigorous and policy-relevant social science research.

Social sciences play a critical role in understanding the complexities of society, governance, and development. As nations confront challenges related to inequality, economic transformation, governance reform, and social cohesion, evidence-based research becomes essential for informed decision-making.

INSORPS provides a scholarly platform for studies that examine social structures, economic systems, governance mechanisms, and public policy processes. This maiden issue highlights the diversity of contemporary social science inquiry through research addressing development, governance, and social change.

As a peer-reviewed international journal, INSORPS upholds the highest standards of academic integrity through a double-blind review process, strict adherence to publication ethics, and commitment to methodological rigor.

The journal seeks to bridge research and policy. Social science research achieves its greatest impact when empirical evidence and theoretical insights inform policy formulation, governance practices, and development interventions.

This maiden issue is the result of collaborative efforts among authors, reviewers, editors, and technical specialists who share a dedication to scholarly excellence and socially responsible research.

INSORPS is positioned as a global journal that values comparative, interdisciplinary, and cross-national perspectives. By welcoming contributions from researchers worldwide, the journal promotes international dialogue on social and policy issues.

The journal is also committed to supporting early-career social scientists and practitioner-researchers. INSORPS aims to provide a supportive yet rigorous platform for emerging scholars to engage in global academic discourse.

As we launch this first issue, we reaffirm our commitment to ethical publishing, transparency, and continuous improvement. INSORPS will continue to evolve alongside developments in social science theory, methods, and policy practice.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we extend our sincere gratitude to all who contributed to this maiden issue. We invite social scientists, policymakers, and development practitioners worldwide to join us in shaping future issues of INSORPS.

Dr. Shielilo R. Amihan, Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Social Science Research and Policy Studies (INSORPS) 

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief

• Dr. Shielilo R. Amihan, Dean for Faculty and Academic Affairs, PHINMA Rizal College of Laguna 

Associate Editors

• Dr. Helena T. Morris – Social Theory and Sociology
• Dr. Wei Zhang – Economics and Development Studies
• Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Governance and Public Administration
• Dr. Priya R. Menon – Policy Analysis and Social Development

Managing Editor

• Ms. Clarissa R. Mendoza, MSc Social Sciences

Section Editors

• Dr. Andrew J. Collins – Political Science and Governance
• Dr. Sofia L. Romano – Development Economics
• Dr. Daniel K. Nguyen – Comparative and International Studies

Journal Staff

• Editorial Assistant: Mr. Joshua L. Navarro
• Copy Editor: Ms. Regina L. Bautista, MA English
• Language Editor: Dr. Margaret E. Collins
• Layout and Production Editor: Mr. Vincent A. Navarro
• Plagiarism and Ethics Officer: Dr. Noel B. Ramirez
• Technical and Web Support: ETCOR Publications Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka – Social Policy, Japan
• Dr. Maria L. Gonzales – Development Studies, Philippines
• Dr. Andrew P. Collins – Governance and Public Policy, Australia
• Dr. Aisha R. El-Sayed – Political Economy, Egypt
• Dr. Thomas A. Keller – Comparative Politics, Germany
• Dr. Priya S. Nair – Social Development, India
• Dr. Carlos J. Fernandez – Public Administration, Spain
• Dr. Mei-Ling Wu – Economic Sociology, Taiwan
• Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Governance and Institutional Studies, Nigeria
• Dr. Olivia M. Brooks – Policy Evaluation and Social Research, United States

International Journal of Tourism, Hospitality, and Sustainable Development (IJTHSD)

Print ISSN: 3116-384X

Electronic ISSN: 3116-3858

About the Journal

The International Journal of Tourism, Hospitality, and Sustainable Development (IJTHSD) is a scholarly, open-access, quarterly, peer-reviewed, international print and online research journal dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in tourism studies, hospitality management, food and culinary tourism, restaurant and café enterprises, sustainable tourism development, and destination governance. IJTHSD serves as a global platform for tourism researchers, hospitality and food service professionals, restaurateurs, café operators, destination planners, policymakers, and interdisciplinary scholars to disseminate high-quality empirical, theoretical, and practice-based research that contributes to responsible tourism growth, culinary heritage preservation, community-based enterprises, and sustainable destination management. The journal is committed to maintaining rigorous scholarly standards, ethical research practices, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and print and electronic ISSN accreditation.

Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/profi...

Submit Study: https://tinyurl.com/IJTHSDjour...   

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...   

Aims and Scope

Aims

IJTHSD aims to:

1.     Promote high-quality research in tourism, hospitality, food and culinary tourism, and sustainable development

2.     Advance theoretical and applied understanding of tourism systems, hospitality operations, and gastronomy-driven destination experiences

3.     Encourage interdisciplinary research linking tourism with culture, food, environment, economics, and policy

4.     Provide a venue for global, comparative, and community-based tourism and hospitality studies

5.     Support evidence-based tourism planning, restaurant and café development, governance, and sustainability initiatives

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, systematic reviews, conceptual papers, case studies, and policy analyses in, but not limited to, the following areas:

·       Tourism planning and destination development

·       Hospitality, hotel, restaurant, café, and food service management

·       Food tourism, culinary tourism, gastronomy, and local cuisine studies

·       Sustainable and responsible tourism

·       Community-based, cultural, and heritage tourism

·       Tourism economics and impact assessment

·       Ecotourism and nature-based tourism

·       Heritage, creative, and food-based tourism experiences

·       Tourism governance, policy, and regulation

·       Event, cruise, maritime, and festival tourism

·       Tourism resilience, crisis, and disaster management

Publication Frequency and Format

·       Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year)

·       Formats: Print and Online

·       Review Type: Double-blind peer review

·       Identifiers:

o   Print ISSN (to be registered)

o   Electronic ISSN (to be registered)

o   Crossref DOI assigned to all published articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/IJTHSDjour...

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

With regard to research submitted for possible publication, authors must ensure that they follow the journal format, including the template, header, footer, font size and font style. Author/s must download and follow the sample manuscript found via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI... Kindly reduce the manuscript to 10-12 pages only, including the References. Kindly choose only the most salient parts of the paper

Additionally, kindly comply with the following:

• Academic Significance, Contribution to Discipline or Community, Technical Novelty
• English Usage (or Filipino, as may be applicable)
  • Use past tense consistently since the study is already completed.
  • Avoid first-person point of view (“I,” “we”); instead, maintain a third-person scientific tone.
  • Avoid contractions; spell out complete words to retain formality.
  • Provide English translations for words, terms, or items not understandable to international readers.
• Abstract The abstract should follow the journal’s prescribed format and accurately reflect the study’s major components. Ensure that it correctly presents the aim, methodology, key findings or results, and conclusion in a concise and logical manner.
• Introduction / Background of the Study
  • Present a clear rationale or background from the global to Philippine/local contexts.
  • Show the trends and issues related to the study, supported with recent and relevant citations (2021–2026 preferred).
  • Identify and explain the research gap/s, highlighting why the present study is necessary and how it differs from prior works.
• Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions The Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions must be clearly, explicitly, and logically stated.
  • The statement of the problem is a detailed explanation of the issue, gap, or challenge that the study seeks to address. It frames the context and justifies why the study is necessary, usually written in declarative form as a narrative or paragraph. Its purpose is to highlight the significance, scope, and urgency of the study, providing a broad and contextual background of the issue at hand. For example, a study may state: “Despite government programs, many senior citizens in rural areas experience delays in receiving social pensions, raising concerns about accessibility and efficiency.”
  • The research objectives represent the specific aims or intentions of the study, focusing on what the researcher seeks to accomplish. These are written in infinitive form such as “To determine…” or “To examine…,” ensuring that the targets are clear, measurable, and achievable. Unlike the broad statement of the problem, objectives are narrower and centered on actionable outcomes. For instance, a general objective could be “To assess the implementation of the Social Pension Program in Balbalan, Kalinga.” This may be broken down into specific objectives, such as: (1) To determine the accessibility of the program, (2) To examine its impact on beneficiaries, and (3) To identify challenges faced in its implementation.
  • The research questions are the interrogative form of the objectives, expressed as direct questions the study seeks to answer. They are usually written in formats such as “What is…?” or “How does…?” and serve the purpose of guiding data collection and analysis by pointing to specific inquiries. Research questions are even more specific than objectives, as they operationalize the study’s goals into answerable items. Using the same example, the research questions could include: RQ1: How accessible is the Social Pension Program to senior citizens in Balbalan? RQ2: What impact does the program have on the beneficiaries’ quality of life? RQ3: What challenges hinder the effective implementation of the program?
• Review of Related Literature and Studies
  • Avoid outdated sources (1–2 decades old) for dynamic or evolving concepts.
  • Do not use sources with “no date (n.d.).”
  • Ensure citations are aligned with the arguments and logically linked to the study.
  • There must be a clear synthesis at the end of the RRLS that captures key insights, connects the reviewed works, and justifies the need for the present study.
• Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework
• Research Methodology (Research Design, Population and Sampling, Instrument, Data Collection, Treatment of Data, Ethics in Research)
  • Research Design: Describe what design was used, how it was applied, and why it was the most suited.
  • Population and Sampling and Other Source/s of Data: Provide the exact number of participants/respondents, how and why they were selected. If you used other source/s of data (documents, policies, other contents), describe each document, how each was accessed, and why each is needed in the study. 
  • Instrument/s: State whether the instrument was adopted or researcher-made. Describe its validation process, including the qualifications of validators.
  • Data Collection: Focus on how, when, and where the data was collected. Do not include ethics approval here.
  • Treatment of Data: Clearly describe the methods of data analysis or statistical treatment. For qualitative analysis, avoid generic discussions (e.g., what thematic analysis is according to authors). Instead, show how the method was applied in your study.
  • Ethical Considerations: Include ethical approval, informed consent, and permissions here, not in other subsections.
  • Avoid “chop-suey” writing (mixing unrelated topics).
  • If the study used a mixed-method approach, discuss both parts separately (quantitative and qualitative)—design, participants, instruments, data collection, treatment of data, ethical considerations—and explain how the two sets of data were integrated.
  • Use plural (“researchers”) consistently if the paper has co-authors.
• Results and Discussion
  • Present results clearly, logically, and aligned with the research questions.
  • Support findings with relevant and recent literature.
  • Integrate discussion immediately after each result to enhance coherence.
• Conclusions and Recommendations

The paper should demonstrate importance to the academic community or to research in general. It must offer a material contribution to its discipline and present novel or unique ideas that may be useful to the community. Clearly show the research gap, why there was a need to investigate the present study, and how it is different from previous works.

The manuscript must adhere to the rules of grammar and language usage, whether in English or Filipino.

The introduction must:

This section must include sufficient, relevant, and up-to-date references to support the rationale and conduct of the research.

An appropriate theoretical and/or conceptual framework must be presented to anchor the study.

The methodology section should be well-structured, detailed, and properly organized. Each subsection should only contain content appropriate to it:

Important Reminders:

• Conclusions must be logically drawn from the study’s findings.
• Recommendations should be specific, actionable, and relevant to the results. Avoid generic statements.

• References (APA 7th Edition)

References must strictly adhere to APA 7th edition. Authors must review their entire manuscript carefully:

• Ensure proper formatting (e.g., italicizing journal names, use of “&” vs. “and,” correct application of et al., punctuation, spacing, quotation marks).
• All in-text citations must appear in the References list and vice versa. No mismatches allowed.
• Avoid old references; prioritize recent ones.
• If a citation was included but missing in the References, update it properly (do not erase it without explanation). Similarly, remove unused entries from the References list.
• The paper will not be published if even one citation/reference entry is non-compliant.

APA 7^th requires:

·      All sources listed in the References Section must match 100% with the actual sources used in the entire manuscript, and all sources cited in the entire manuscript are reflected in the list of sources in the References section. 

• Author/s should provide a link to every research article or literature/document, where we can find the journal or document, or best, where we can find the specific research article/document. Must provide the DOI for it, or URL if the journal is not yet DOI accredited, or link to the document. 

·       Arranged alphabetically regardless of classifications (Do not categorize or classify if books, or journals, or other documents. Just arrange alphabetically all sources)

·       Used hanging indent. 

·       Author(s) last name, initials.

·       Year of publication in parentheses.

·       Title of article in sentence case (only first word, proper nouns, and first word after a colon capitalized).

·       Journal titles in italics and title case.

·       Volume numbers italicized; issue numbers in parentheses (not italicized).

·       Page ranges given without extra words.

·       DOI formatted as URL (https://doi.org/...).

·       Retrieval statements are used sparingly (only when content is likely to change).

·       For secondary sources, only the work actually consulted (the secondary source) is included in the References list; the original source cited indirectly (e.g., “as cited in”) must not be listed unless it was directly read by the author.

• Acronyms and Abbreviations

Always define acronyms upon first mention in the manuscript. Do not assume that readers will automatically know them.

Authors are also required to submit a duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, which can be accessed via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

Editor’s Note

International Journal of Tourism, Hospitality, and Sustainable Development (IJTHSD)

It is with great pride and enthusiasm that we present the maiden issue of the International Journal of Tourism, Hospitality, and Sustainable Development (IJTHSD). This inaugural publication reflects ETCOR’s commitment to advancing rigorous, inclusive, and socially responsible tourism scholarship.

Tourism and hospitality—alongside food tourism, gastronomy, restaurants, and cafés—are among the world’s most dynamic sectors, shaping economies, identities, and everyday lived experiences of destinations.

IJTHSD provides a scholarly platform for studies examining tourism systems, hospitality operations, culinary experiences, destination planning, and sustainable development, recognizing food as a central element of tourism consumption and cultural expression.

As a peer-reviewed international journal, IJTHSD upholds the highest standards of academic integrity through a double-blind review process, strict adherence to publication ethics, and commitment to methodological rigor.

The journal seeks to bridge research and practice. Tourism and food-related research achieves its greatest impact when it informs destination management, restaurant and café development, community engagement, and policy formulation.

This maiden issue is the result of collaborative efforts among authors, reviewers, editors, and language specialists who share a dedication to scholarly excellence and sustainable tourism and hospitality advocacy.

IJTHSD is positioned as a global journal that values interdisciplinary, comparative, and community-centered perspectives, including gastronomy-led tourism and small-scale hospitality enterprises.

The journal is also committed to supporting early-career tourism, hospitality, and culinary scholars. IJTHSD provides a supportive yet rigorous platform for emerging voices in tourism and food studies.

As we launch this first issue, we reaffirm our commitment to ethical publishing, sustainability, and continuous improvement, responding to evolving tourism and food consumption trends.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we invite tourism scholars, hospitality professionals, restaurateurs, café entrepreneurs, and development practitioners worldwide to join us in shaping future issues of IJTHSD.

Dr. Angelyn C. Dy Tioco, Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Tourism, Hospitality, and Sustainable Development (IJTHSD)

Editorial Board

International Journal of Tourism, Hospitality, and Sustainable Development (IJTHSD)

Editor-in-Chief

• Dr. Angelyn C. Dy Tioco, Program Head and Research Lead, College of International Tourism and Hospitality Management, La Consolacion University Philippines

Associate Editors

• Dr. Helena T. Morris – Sustainable Tourism and Destination Development • Dr. Wei Zhang – Hospitality Management and Service Innovation • Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Community-Based, Cultural, and Culinary Tourism • Dr. Priya R. Menon – Tourism Policy, Planning, and Sustainable Development

Managing Editor

• Ms. Clarissa R. Mendoza, MSc Tourism and Hospitality Management

Section Editors

• Dr. Andrew J. Collins – Ecotourism, Environmental, and Nature-Based Tourism • Dr. Sofia L. Romano – Tourism Economics, Destination Marketing, and Food Tourism • Dr. Daniel K. Nguyen – Maritime, Cruise, Event, and Festival Tourism • Dr. Lucia M. Fernandez – Hospitality Operations, Restaurants, and Café Management

Journal Staff

• Editorial Assistant: Mr. Joshua L. Navarro

• Copy Editor: Ms. Regina L. Bautista, MA English

• Language Editor: Dr. Margaret E. Collins

• Layout and Production Editor: Mr. Vincent A. Navarro

• Plagiarism and Ethics Officer: Dr. Noel B. Ramirez

• Technical and Web Support: ETCOR Publications Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka – Sustainable and Culinary Tourism, Japan • Dr. Maria L. Gonzales – Hospitality and Hotel Management, Philippines • Dr. Andrew P. Collins – Tourism Governance and Policy, Australia • Dr. Aisha R. El-Sayed – Cultural, Heritage, and Gastronomy Tourism, Egypt • Dr. Thomas A. Keller – Destination Planning and Sustainable Tourism, Germany • Dr. Priya S. Nair – Community-Based and Rural Tourism, India • Dr. Carlos J. Fernandez – Maritime, Cruise, and Coastal Tourism, Spain • Dr. Mei-Ling Wu – Tourism Economics and Food Tourism, Taiwan • Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Sustainable Development and Tourism Policy, Nigeria • Dr. Olivia M. Brooks – Tourism Resilience, Crisis, and Disaster Management, United States

International Journal of Clinical, Nursing, and Population Health Sciences (INCLINPHS)

Print ISSN: 3116-3866

Electronic ISSN: 3116-3874

About the Journal

The International Journal of Clinical, Nursing, and Population Health Sciences (INCLINPHS) is a scholarly, open-access, quarterly, peer-reviewed, international print and online research journal dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in clinical medicine, nursing science, public health, epidemiology, population health, and healthcare systems research. INCLINPHS serves as a global platform for nurses, clinicians, nurse researchers, public health professionals, epidemiologists, healthcare administrators, and interdisciplinary scholars to disseminate high-quality empirical, clinical, nursing, population-based, and policy-relevant research that contributes to safe patient care, improved health outcomes, and evidence-based nursing and healthcare practice. The journal is committed to maintaining rigorous scientific and ethical standards, patient- and nurse-centered research integrity, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and print and electronic ISSN accreditation.

Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/profi...

Submit Study: https://tinyurl.com/INCLINPHS  

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesINCLINPHS   

Aims and Scope

Aims

INCLINPHS aims to:

1.     Promote high-quality clinical, nursing, and population health research grounded in scientific rigor

2.     Advance evidence-based nursing practice, clinical care, and public health interventions

3.     Provide a venue for global, comparative, and community-based nursing and health studies

4.     Support research that informs health policy, nursing practice, healthcare delivery, and systems improvement

5.     Encourage interdisciplinary collaboration among nursing, clinical medicine, public health, and allied health sciences

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical and nursing reports, and population-based studies in, but not limited to, the following areas:

• Clinical medicine and allied health sciences • Nursing science, nursing practice, and nursing education research • Public health and population health studies • Epidemiology and disease surveillance • Health promotion and disease prevention • Health systems, services, and policy research • Community health nursing and primary healthcare • Global health, health equity, and vulnerable populations • Environmental and occupational health • Maternal, child, adolescent, and geriatric nursing • Infectious and non-communicable diseases • Patient safety, quality of care, and nursing leadership

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year) • Formats: Print and Online • Review Type: Double-blind peer review • Identifiers: o Print ISSN  o Electronic ISSN o Crossref DOI assigned to all published articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/INCLINPHS

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

With regard to research submitted for possible publication, authors must ensure that they follow the journal format, including the template, header, footer, font size and font style. Author/s must download and follow the sample manuscript found via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI... Kindly reduce the manuscript to 10-12 pages only, including the References. Kindly choose only the most salient parts of the paper

Additionally, kindly comply with the following:

• Academic Significance, Contribution to Discipline or Community, Technical Novelty
• English Usage (or Filipino, as may be applicable)
  • Use past tense consistently since the study is already completed.
  • Avoid first-person point of view (“I,” “we”); instead, maintain a third-person scientific tone.
  • Avoid contractions; spell out complete words to retain formality.
  • Provide English translations for words, terms, or items not understandable to international readers.
• Abstract The abstract should follow the journal’s prescribed format and accurately reflect the study’s major components. Ensure that it correctly presents the aim, methodology, key findings or results, and conclusion in a concise and logical manner.
• Introduction / Background of the Study
  • Present a clear rationale or background from the global to Philippine/local contexts.
  • Show the trends and issues related to the study, supported with recent and relevant citations (2021–2026 preferred).
  • Identify and explain the research gap/s, highlighting why the present study is necessary and how it differs from prior works.
• Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions The Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions must be clearly, explicitly, and logically stated.
  • The statement of the problem is a detailed explanation of the issue, gap, or challenge that the study seeks to address. It frames the context and justifies why the study is necessary, usually written in declarative form as a narrative or paragraph. Its purpose is to highlight the significance, scope, and urgency of the study, providing a broad and contextual background of the issue at hand. For example, a study may state: “Despite government programs, many senior citizens in rural areas experience delays in receiving social pensions, raising concerns about accessibility and efficiency.”
  • The research objectives represent the specific aims or intentions of the study, focusing on what the researcher seeks to accomplish. These are written in infinitive form such as “To determine…” or “To examine…,” ensuring that the targets are clear, measurable, and achievable. Unlike the broad statement of the problem, objectives are narrower and centered on actionable outcomes. For instance, a general objective could be “To assess the implementation of the Social Pension Program in Balbalan, Kalinga.” This may be broken down into specific objectives, such as: (1) To determine the accessibility of the program, (2) To examine its impact on beneficiaries, and (3) To identify challenges faced in its implementation.
  • The research questions are the interrogative form of the objectives, expressed as direct questions the study seeks to answer. They are usually written in formats such as “What is…?” or “How does…?” and serve the purpose of guiding data collection and analysis by pointing to specific inquiries. Research questions are even more specific than objectives, as they operationalize the study’s goals into answerable items. Using the same example, the research questions could include: RQ1: How accessible is the Social Pension Program to senior citizens in Balbalan? RQ2: What impact does the program have on the beneficiaries’ quality of life? RQ3: What challenges hinder the effective implementation of the program?
• Review of Related Literature and Studies
  • Avoid outdated sources (1–2 decades old) for dynamic or evolving concepts.
  • Do not use sources with “no date (n.d.).”
  • Ensure citations are aligned with the arguments and logically linked to the study.
  • There must be a clear synthesis at the end of the RRLS that captures key insights, connects the reviewed works, and justifies the need for the present study.
• Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework
• Research Methodology (Research Design, Population and Sampling, Instrument, Data Collection, Treatment of Data, Ethics in Research)
  • Research Design: Describe what design was used, how it was applied, and why it was the most suited.
  • Population and Sampling and Other Source/s of Data: Provide the exact number of participants/respondents, how and why they were selected. If you used other source/s of data (documents, policies, other contents), describe each document, how each was accessed, and why each is needed in the study. 
  • Instrument/s: State whether the instrument was adopted or researcher-made. Describe its validation process, including the qualifications of validators.
  • Data Collection: Focus on how, when, and where the data was collected. Do not include ethics approval here.
  • Treatment of Data: Clearly describe the methods of data analysis or statistical treatment. For qualitative analysis, avoid generic discussions (e.g., what thematic analysis is according to authors). Instead, show how the method was applied in your study.
  • Ethical Considerations: Include ethical approval, informed consent, and permissions here, not in other subsections.
  • Avoid “chop-suey” writing (mixing unrelated topics).
  • If the study used a mixed-method approach, discuss both parts separately (quantitative and qualitative)—design, participants, instruments, data collection, treatment of data, ethical considerations—and explain how the two sets of data were integrated.
  • Use plural (“researchers”) consistently if the paper has co-authors.
• Results and Discussion
  • Present results clearly, logically, and aligned with the research questions.
  • Support findings with relevant and recent literature.
  • Integrate discussion immediately after each result to enhance coherence.
• Conclusions and Recommendations

The paper should demonstrate importance to the academic community or to research in general. It must offer a material contribution to its discipline and present novel or unique ideas that may be useful to the community. Clearly show the research gap, why there was a need to investigate the present study, and how it is different from previous works.

The manuscript must adhere to the rules of grammar and language usage, whether in English or Filipino.

The introduction must:

This section must include sufficient, relevant, and up-to-date references to support the rationale and conduct of the research.

An appropriate theoretical and/or conceptual framework must be presented to anchor the study.

The methodology section should be well-structured, detailed, and properly organized. Each subsection should only contain content appropriate to it:

Important Reminders:

• Conclusions must be logically drawn from the study’s findings.
• Recommendations should be specific, actionable, and relevant to the results. Avoid generic statements.

• References (APA 7th Edition)

References must strictly adhere to APA 7th edition. Authors must review their entire manuscript carefully:

• Ensure proper formatting (e.g., italicizing journal names, use of “&” vs. “and,” correct application of et al., punctuation, spacing, quotation marks).
• All in-text citations must appear in the References list and vice versa. No mismatches allowed.
• Avoid old references; prioritize recent ones.
• If a citation was included but missing in the References, update it properly (do not erase it without explanation). Similarly, remove unused entries from the References list.
• The paper will not be published if even one citation/reference entry is non-compliant.

APA 7^th requires:

·      All sources listed in the References Section must match 100% with the actual sources used in the entire manuscript, and all sources cited in the entire manuscript are reflected in the list of sources in the References section. 

• Author/s should provide a link to every research article or literature/document, where we can find the journal or document, or best, where we can find the specific research article/document. Must provide the DOI for it, or URL if the journal is not yet DOI accredited, or link to the document. 

·       Arranged alphabetically regardless of classifications (Do not categorize or classify if books, or journals, or other documents. Just arrange alphabetically all sources)

·       Used hanging indent. 

·       Author(s) last name, initials.

·       Year of publication in parentheses.

·       Title of article in sentence case (only first word, proper nouns, and first word after a colon capitalized).

·       Journal titles in italics and title case.

·       Volume numbers italicized; issue numbers in parentheses (not italicized).

·       Page ranges given without extra words.

·       DOI formatted as URL (https://doi.org/...).

·       Retrieval statements are used sparingly (only when content is likely to change).

·       For secondary sources, only the work actually consulted (the secondary source) is included in the References list; the original source cited indirectly (e.g., “as cited in”) must not be listed unless it was directly read by the author.

• Acronyms and Abbreviations

Always define acronyms upon first mention in the manuscript. Do not assume that readers will automatically know them.

Authors are also required to submit a duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, which can be accessed via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

Editor’s Note

International Journal of Clinical, Nursing, and Population Health Sciences (INCLINPHS)

The maiden issue of INCLINPHS marks ETCOR’s commitment to advancing nursing science alongside clinical and population health research. Nursing remains central to patient care, community health, and healthcare systems worldwide.

As healthcare challenges grow increasingly complex, the integration of nursing research, clinical evidence, and public health perspectives becomes essential. INCLINPHS provides a scholarly platform that values nurses not only as care providers but as researchers, leaders, and policy influencers.

This journal bridges bedside care, community health, and population-level outcomes, highlighting the indispensable role of nursing in improving health equity, quality, and safety.

As a peer-reviewed international journal, INCLIPS upholds the highest standards of scientific integrity through a double-blind review process, strict adherence to research ethics, and commitment to methodological rigor. Each article published undergoes careful evaluation to ensure its relevance, validity, and contribution to health sciences knowledge. 

The journal seeks to strengthen the link between research and practice. Clinical and public health research attains its greatest value when it informs patient care, community health strategies, and policy decisions. INCLIPS therefore encourages submissions with clear implications for practice and health system improvement.

This maiden issue represents the collaborative efforts of authors, reviewers, editors, and technical experts who share a dedication to scholarly excellence and ethical research conduct. Their contributions have enabled the journal to meet international publishing standards while remaining responsive to diverse health contexts. 

INCLIPS is positioned as a global journal that welcomes contributions from researchers across different regions and healthcare systems. By fostering comparative and cross-national perspectives, the journal enriches understanding of health challenges and solutions in varied settings. 

The journal is also committed to supporting early-career clinicians, public health professionals, and emerging researchers. INCLIPS aims to provide a supportive yet rigorous platform where new voices can contribute meaningfully to global health discourse. 

As we launch this first issue, we reaffirm our commitment to ethical publishing, transparency, and continuous improvement. INCLIPS will continue to evolve alongside advances in medicine, public health, and research methodologies. 

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we extend our sincere gratitude to all who contributed to this maiden issue. We invite clinicians, public health researchers, and healthcare scholars worldwide to join us in shaping future issues of INCLIPS as we collectively advance health, equity, and evidence-based practice. 

Dr. Christian V. Villan, Editor-in-Chief International Journal of Clinical, Nursing, and Population Health Sciences (INCLINPHS)

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief

• Dr. Christian V. Villan, Student Internship Program (SIP) Coordinator, Department of Nursing, Mindanao State University, Naawan – College of Environment and Life Sciences

Associate Editors

·      Dr. Allan M. Manaloto – Clinical Nursing and Nursing Practice

·      Dr. Liza M. Hernandez, RN, PhD – Clinical Nursing and Nursing Practice

·      Dr. Samuel T. Okoro, PhD – Epidemiology and Population Health

·      Dr. Fatima N. Al-Hassan, DrPH – Community and Public Health Nursing

·      Dr. James K. Holloway, MD – Health Systems and Policy

Managing Editor

• Ms. Regina P. Dela Cruz, RN, MPH

Section Editors

• Dr. Maria C. Bautista, RN, PhD – Maternal, Child, and Family Nursing • Dr. Andrew J. Collins, PhD – Biostatistics and Health Research Methods • Dr. Priya R. Menon, PhD, RN – Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Pool of Peer Reviewers

• Dr. Michael A. O’Connor – Clinical Epidemiology, Ireland • Dr. Katrina L. Bautista – Nursing Practice and Primary Healthcare, Philippines • Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka – Clinical Research, Japan • Dr. Olivia M. Brooks – Community Health Nursing, United States • Dr. Carlos J. Fernandez – Health Systems Research, Spain • Dr. Mei-Ling Wu – Occupational and Environmental Health, Taiwan • Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Population Health, Nigeria

International Journal of Sports, Health, Fitness, and Movement Studies (IJSHEFMS)

Print ISSN: 3116-3882

Electronic ISSN: 3116-3890

About the Journal

The International Journal of Sports, Health, Fitness, and Movement Studies (IJSHEFMS) is a scholarly, open-access, quarterly, peer-reviewed, international print and online research journal dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in sports science, physical education, health and fitness, movement studies, dance, exercise science, and human performance. IJSHEFMS serves as a global platform for sports scientists, physical education teachers, coaches, fitness professionals, dance scholars, health practitioners, therapists, and interdisciplinary researchers to disseminate high-quality empirical, theoretical, and practice-based research that promotes physical literacy, healthy lifestyles, movement education, and holistic human development. The journal is committed to maintaining rigorous scholarly standards, ethical research practices, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and print and electronic ISSN accreditation.

Facebook Page: https://web.facebook.com/profi...

Submit Study: https://tinyurl.com/IJSHEFMS 

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...       

Aims and Scope

Aims

IJSHEFMS aims to:

1. Promote high-quality research in sports, health, fitness, and movement sciences
2. Advance understanding of physical activity, exercise, and human movement across the lifespan
3. Support evidence-based physical education, coaching, and dance pedagogy
4. Encourage interdisciplinary research linking sports, health, education, culture, and science
5. Contribute to global efforts promoting wellness, physical literacy, and active living

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, systematic reviews, conceptual papers, case studies, and practice-based research in, but not limited to, the following areas:

• Sports science and human performance
• Physical education and sports pedagogy
• Coaching science and athlete development
• Health, fitness, and wellness studies
• Exercise physiology and biomechanics
• Sports psychology and motivation
• Dance education, movement, and performance studies
• Physical activity and public health
• Adapted physical activity and inclusive sports
• Rehabilitation, injury prevention, and movement therapy
• Traditional, cultural, and indigenous movement practices

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year)
• Formats: Print and Online
• Review Type: Double-blind peer review
• Identifiers:
  • Print ISSN 
  • Electronic ISSN 
  • Crossref DOI assigned to all published articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/IJSHEFMS

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

With regard to research submitted for possible publication, authors must ensure that they follow the journal format, including the template, header, footer, font size and font style. Author/s must download and follow the sample manuscript found via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI... Kindly reduce the manuscript to 10-12 pages only, including the References. Kindly choose only the most salient parts of the paper

Additionally, kindly comply with the following:

• Academic Significance, Contribution to Discipline or Community, Technical Novelty
• English Usage (or Filipino, as may be applicable)
  • Use past tense consistently since the study is already completed.
  • Avoid first-person point of view (“I,” “we”); instead, maintain a third-person scientific tone.
  • Avoid contractions; spell out complete words to retain formality.
  • Provide English translations for words, terms, or items not understandable to international readers.
• Abstract The abstract should follow the journal’s prescribed format and accurately reflect the study’s major components. Ensure that it correctly presents the aim, methodology, key findings or results, and conclusion in a concise and logical manner.
• Introduction / Background of the Study
  • Present a clear rationale or background from the global to Philippine/local contexts.
  • Show the trends and issues related to the study, supported with recent and relevant citations (2021–2026 preferred).
  • Identify and explain the research gap/s, highlighting why the present study is necessary and how it differs from prior works.
• Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions The Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions must be clearly, explicitly, and logically stated.
  • The statement of the problem is a detailed explanation of the issue, gap, or challenge that the study seeks to address. It frames the context and justifies why the study is necessary, usually written in declarative form as a narrative or paragraph. Its purpose is to highlight the significance, scope, and urgency of the study, providing a broad and contextual background of the issue at hand. For example, a study may state: “Despite government programs, many senior citizens in rural areas experience delays in receiving social pensions, raising concerns about accessibility and efficiency.”
  • The research objectives represent the specific aims or intentions of the study, focusing on what the researcher seeks to accomplish. These are written in infinitive form such as “To determine…” or “To examine…,” ensuring that the targets are clear, measurable, and achievable. Unlike the broad statement of the problem, objectives are narrower and centered on actionable outcomes. For instance, a general objective could be “To assess the implementation of the Social Pension Program in Balbalan, Kalinga.” This may be broken down into specific objectives, such as: (1) To determine the accessibility of the program, (2) To examine its impact on beneficiaries, and (3) To identify challenges faced in its implementation.
  • The research questions are the interrogative form of the objectives, expressed as direct questions the study seeks to answer. They are usually written in formats such as “What is…?” or “How does…?” and serve the purpose of guiding data collection and analysis by pointing to specific inquiries. Research questions are even more specific than objectives, as they operationalize the study’s goals into answerable items. Using the same example, the research questions could include: RQ1: How accessible is the Social Pension Program to senior citizens in Balbalan? RQ2: What impact does the program have on the beneficiaries’ quality of life? RQ3: What challenges hinder the effective implementation of the program?
• Review of Related Literature and Studies
  • Avoid outdated sources (1–2 decades old) for dynamic or evolving concepts.
  • Do not use sources with “no date (n.d.).”
  • Ensure citations are aligned with the arguments and logically linked to the study.
  • There must be a clear synthesis at the end of the RRLS that captures key insights, connects the reviewed works, and justifies the need for the present study.
• Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework
• Research Methodology (Research Design, Population and Sampling, Instrument, Data Collection, Treatment of Data, Ethics in Research)
  • Research Design: Describe what design was used, how it was applied, and why it was the most suited.
  • Population and Sampling and Other Source/s of Data: Provide the exact number of participants/respondents, how and why they were selected. If you used other source/s of data (documents, policies, other contents), describe each document, how each was accessed, and why each is needed in the study. 
  • Instrument/s: State whether the instrument was adopted or researcher-made. Describe its validation process, including the qualifications of validators.
  • Data Collection: Focus on how, when, and where the data was collected. Do not include ethics approval here.
  • Treatment of Data: Clearly describe the methods of data analysis or statistical treatment. For qualitative analysis, avoid generic discussions (e.g., what thematic analysis is according to authors). Instead, show how the method was applied in your study.
  • Ethical Considerations: Include ethical approval, informed consent, and permissions here, not in other subsections.
  • Avoid “chop-suey” writing (mixing unrelated topics).
  • If the study used a mixed-method approach, discuss both parts separately (quantitative and qualitative)—design, participants, instruments, data collection, treatment of data, ethical considerations—and explain how the two sets of data were integrated.
  • Use plural (“researchers”) consistently if the paper has co-authors.
• Results and Discussion
  • Present results clearly, logically, and aligned with the research questions.
  • Support findings with relevant and recent literature.
  • Integrate discussion immediately after each result to enhance coherence.
• Conclusions and Recommendations

The paper should demonstrate importance to the academic community or to research in general. It must offer a material contribution to its discipline and present novel or unique ideas that may be useful to the community. Clearly show the research gap, why there was a need to investigate the present study, and how it is different from previous works.

The manuscript must adhere to the rules of grammar and language usage, whether in English or Filipino.

The introduction must:

This section must include sufficient, relevant, and up-to-date references to support the rationale and conduct of the research.

An appropriate theoretical and/or conceptual framework must be presented to anchor the study.

The methodology section should be well-structured, detailed, and properly organized. Each subsection should only contain content appropriate to it:

Important Reminders:

• Conclusions must be logically drawn from the study’s findings.
• Recommendations should be specific, actionable, and relevant to the results. Avoid generic statements.

• References (APA 7th Edition)

References must strictly adhere to APA 7th edition. Authors must review their entire manuscript carefully:

• Ensure proper formatting (e.g., italicizing journal names, use of “&” vs. “and,” correct application of et al., punctuation, spacing, quotation marks).
• All in-text citations must appear in the References list and vice versa. No mismatches allowed.
• Avoid old references; prioritize recent ones.
• If a citation was included but missing in the References, update it properly (do not erase it without explanation). Similarly, remove unused entries from the References list.
• The paper will not be published if even one citation/reference entry is non-compliant.

APA 7^th requires:

·      All sources listed in the References Section must match 100% with the actual sources used in the entire manuscript, and all sources cited in the entire manuscript are reflected in the list of sources in the References section. 

• Author/s should provide a link to every research article or literature/document, where we can find the journal or document, or best, where we can find the specific research article/document. Must provide the DOI for it, or URL if the journal is not yet DOI accredited, or link to the document. 

·       Arranged alphabetically regardless of classifications (Do not categorize or classify if books, or journals, or other documents. Just arrange alphabetically all sources)

·       Used hanging indent. 

·       Author(s) last name, initials.

·       Year of publication in parentheses.

·       Title of article in sentence case (only first word, proper nouns, and first word after a colon capitalized).

·       Journal titles in italics and title case.

·       Volume numbers italicized; issue numbers in parentheses (not italicized).

·       Page ranges given without extra words.

·       DOI formatted as URL (https://doi.org/...).

·       Retrieval statements are used sparingly (only when content is likely to change).

·       For secondary sources, only the work actually consulted (the secondary source) is included in the References list; the original source cited indirectly (e.g., “as cited in”) must not be listed unless it was directly read by the author.

• Acronyms and Abbreviations

Always define acronyms upon first mention in the manuscript. Do not assume that readers will automatically know them.

Authors are also required to submit a duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, which can be accessed via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

Editor’s Note

International Journal of Sports, Health, Fitness, and Movement Studies (IJSHEFMS)

It is with great pride and enthusiasm that we present the maiden issue of the International Journal of Sports, Health, Fitness, and Movement Studies (IJSHEFMS). This inaugural publication reflects ETCOR’s commitment to advancing rigorous and interdisciplinary research on human movement and wellbeing.

Sports, health, fitness, and movement are central to human development and quality of life. As societies confront sedentary lifestyles, health inequities, and performance demands, evidence-based research in physical activity and movement becomes increasingly vital.

IJSHEFMS provides a scholarly platform for studies examining sports performance, physical education, fitness training, dance, and movement sciences. This maiden issue showcases the diversity of research addressing physical literacy, health promotion, and expressive movement.

As a peer-reviewed international journal, IJSHEFMS upholds the highest standards of academic integrity through a double-blind review process, strict adherence to publication ethics, and commitment to methodological rigor.

The journal seeks to bridge research and practice. Knowledge in sports and movement sciences achieves its fullest impact when it informs teaching, coaching, rehabilitation, and health promotion.

This maiden issue is the result of collaborative efforts among authors, reviewers, editors, and movement professionals who share a dedication to scholarly excellence and ethical practice.

IJSHEFMS is positioned as a global journal that values interdisciplinary, inclusive, and culturally responsive perspectives on movement and physical activity.

The journal is also committed to nurturing early-career researchers and practitioner-scholars in sports, dance, and health fields.

As we launch this first issue, we reaffirm our commitment to ethical publishing, participant safety, and continuous improvement.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we invite researchers, educators, coaches, and practitioners worldwide to join us in advancing sports, health, fitness, and movement scholarship.

Dr. Stephen Ayoade Fadare, Editor-in-Chief International Journal of Sports, Health, Fitness, and Movement Studies (IJSHEFMS)

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Stephen Ayoade Fadare, Assistant Professor, Mindanao State University – College of Sports, Physical Education, and Recreation

Associate Editors

• Dr. Helena T. Morris – Exercise Physiology and Fitness
• Dr. Wei Zhang – Biomechanics and Human Movement
• Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Sports Psychology and Coaching
• Dr. Priya R. Menon – Dance and Movement Studies

Managing Editor

• Ms. Clarissa R. Mendoza, MSc Sports Science

Section Editors

• Dr. Andrew J. Collins – Physical Education and Pedagogy
• Dr. Sofia L. Romano – Health, Wellness, and Rehabilitation
• Dr. Daniel K. Nguyen – Adapted Physical Activity and Inclusive Sports

Journal Staff

• Editorial Assistant: Mr. Joshua L. Navarro
• Copy Editor: Ms. Regina L. Bautista, MA English
• Language Editor: Dr. Margaret E. Collins
• Layout and Production Editor: Mr. Vincent A. Navarro
• Plagiarism and Ethics Officer: Dr. Noel B. Ramirez
• Technical and Web Support: ETCOR Publications Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka – Exercise Science, Japan
• Dr. Maria L. Gonzales – Physical Education, Philippines
• Dr. Andrew P. Collins – Sports Coaching and Performance, Australia
• Dr. Aisha R. El-Sayed – Sports Rehabilitation, Egypt
• Dr. Thomas A. Keller – Biomechanics, Germany
• Dr. Priya S. Nair – Dance Education, India
• Dr. Carlos J. Fernandez – Fitness and Wellness Studies, Spain
• Dr. Mei-Ling Wu – Movement Analysis, Taiwan
• Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Sports Psychology, Nigeria
• Dr. Olivia M. Brooks – Public Health and Physical Activity, United States

International Journal of Security, Defense, Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement, and Corrections (IJSDCJLEC)

Print ISSN: 3116-3904

Electronic ISSN: 3116-3912

About the Journal

The International Journal of Security, Defense, Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement, and Corrections (IJSDCJLEC) is a scholarly, open-access,  quarterly, peer-reviewed, international print and online research journal dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in security studies, defense and strategic studies, criminal justice, policing, corrections, and justice system governance. The journal responds to the growing need for rigorous, ethical, and interdisciplinary research addressing complex challenges related to crime, public safety, national security, justice administration, and correctional systems in both national and global contexts. IJSDCJLEC serves as a global platform for security analysts, defense researchers, criminologists, law enforcement professionals, corrections administrators, legal scholars, policymakers, and interdisciplinary researchers to disseminate high-quality empirical, theoretical, and policy-oriented research that informs crime prevention, justice reform, institutional accountability, and public safety governance. The journal is committed to maintaining rigorous scholarly standards, ethical research practices, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and print and electronic ISSN accreditation.

Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/profi...

Submit Study: https://tinyurl.com/IJSDCJLEC  

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...    

Aims and Scope

Aims

IJSDCJLEC aims to:

1. Promote high-quality research in security, defense, criminal justice, law enforcement, and corrections
2. Advance theoretical and empirical understanding of crime, security, and justice systems
3. Encourage interdisciplinary and comparative studies in public safety, defense, and justice administration
4. Provide a venue for evidence-based, policy-relevant, and reform-oriented scholarship
5. Support research that informs crime prevention, justice system reform, and institutional accountability

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, systematic reviews, policy analyses, comparative studies, and conceptual papers in, but not limited to, the following areas:

• National, regional, and international security studies
• Defense policy, military studies, and strategic analysis
• Criminology and criminal justice systems
• Law enforcement, policing strategies, and police administration
• Criminal investigation, forensic studies, and intelligence analysis
• Corrections, rehabilitation, and prison management
• Community safety, crime prevention, and restorative justice
• Counterterrorism, transnational crime, and organized crime
• Cybercrime, digital security, and technological threats
• Human rights, ethics, and accountability in security and justice institutions
• Legal frameworks, criminal law, and justice policy
• Peacekeeping, conflict resolution, and post-conflict justice

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year)
• Formats: Print and Online
• Review Type: Double-blind peer review
• Identifiers:
  • Print ISSN 
  • Electronic ISSN 
  • Crossref DOI assigned to all published articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/IJSDCJLEC  

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

With regard to research submitted for possible publication, authors must ensure that they follow the journal format, including the template, header, footer, font size and font style. Author/s must download and follow the sample manuscript found via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI... Kindly reduce the manuscript to 10-12 pages only, including the References. Kindly choose only the most salient parts of the paper

Additionally, kindly comply with the following:

• Academic Significance, Contribution to Discipline or Community, Technical Novelty
• English Usage (or Filipino, as may be applicable)
  • Use past tense consistently since the study is already completed.
  • Avoid first-person point of view (“I,” “we”); instead, maintain a third-person scientific tone.
  • Avoid contractions; spell out complete words to retain formality.
  • Provide English translations for words, terms, or items not understandable to international readers.
• Abstract The abstract should follow the journal’s prescribed format and accurately reflect the study’s major components. Ensure that it correctly presents the aim, methodology, key findings or results, and conclusion in a concise and logical manner.
• Introduction / Background of the Study
  • Present a clear rationale or background from the global to Philippine/local contexts.
  • Show the trends and issues related to the study, supported with recent and relevant citations (2021–2026 preferred).
  • Identify and explain the research gap/s, highlighting why the present study is necessary and how it differs from prior works.
• Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions The Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions must be clearly, explicitly, and logically stated.
  • The statement of the problem is a detailed explanation of the issue, gap, or challenge that the study seeks to address. It frames the context and justifies why the study is necessary, usually written in declarative form as a narrative or paragraph. Its purpose is to highlight the significance, scope, and urgency of the study, providing a broad and contextual background of the issue at hand. For example, a study may state: “Despite government programs, many senior citizens in rural areas experience delays in receiving social pensions, raising concerns about accessibility and efficiency.”
  • The research objectives represent the specific aims or intentions of the study, focusing on what the researcher seeks to accomplish. These are written in infinitive form such as “To determine…” or “To examine…,” ensuring that the targets are clear, measurable, and achievable. Unlike the broad statement of the problem, objectives are narrower and centered on actionable outcomes. For instance, a general objective could be “To assess the implementation of the Social Pension Program in Balbalan, Kalinga.” This may be broken down into specific objectives, such as: (1) To determine the accessibility of the program, (2) To examine its impact on beneficiaries, and (3) To identify challenges faced in its implementation.
  • The research questions are the interrogative form of the objectives, expressed as direct questions the study seeks to answer. They are usually written in formats such as “What is…?” or “How does…?” and serve the purpose of guiding data collection and analysis by pointing to specific inquiries. Research questions are even more specific than objectives, as they operationalize the study’s goals into answerable items. Using the same example, the research questions could include: RQ1: How accessible is the Social Pension Program to senior citizens in Balbalan? RQ2: What impact does the program have on the beneficiaries’ quality of life? RQ3: What challenges hinder the effective implementation of the program?
• Review of Related Literature and Studies
  • Avoid outdated sources (1–2 decades old) for dynamic or evolving concepts.
  • Do not use sources with “no date (n.d.).”
  • Ensure citations are aligned with the arguments and logically linked to the study.
  • There must be a clear synthesis at the end of the RRLS that captures key insights, connects the reviewed works, and justifies the need for the present study.
• Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework
• Research Methodology (Research Design, Population and Sampling, Instrument, Data Collection, Treatment of Data, Ethics in Research)
  • Research Design: Describe what design was used, how it was applied, and why it was the most suited.
  • Population and Sampling and Other Source/s of Data: Provide the exact number of participants/respondents, how and why they were selected. If you used other source/s of data (documents, policies, other contents), describe each document, how each was accessed, and why each is needed in the study. 
  • Instrument/s: State whether the instrument was adopted or researcher-made. Describe its validation process, including the qualifications of validators.
  • Data Collection: Focus on how, when, and where the data was collected. Do not include ethics approval here.
  • Treatment of Data: Clearly describe the methods of data analysis or statistical treatment. For qualitative analysis, avoid generic discussions (e.g., what thematic analysis is according to authors). Instead, show how the method was applied in your study.
  • Ethical Considerations: Include ethical approval, informed consent, and permissions here, not in other subsections.
  • Avoid “chop-suey” writing (mixing unrelated topics).
  • If the study used a mixed-method approach, discuss both parts separately (quantitative and qualitative)—design, participants, instruments, data collection, treatment of data, ethical considerations—and explain how the two sets of data were integrated.
  • Use plural (“researchers”) consistently if the paper has co-authors.
• Results and Discussion
  • Present results clearly, logically, and aligned with the research questions.
  • Support findings with relevant and recent literature.
  • Integrate discussion immediately after each result to enhance coherence.
• Conclusions and Recommendations

The paper should demonstrate importance to the academic community or to research in general. It must offer a material contribution to its discipline and present novel or unique ideas that may be useful to the community. Clearly show the research gap, why there was a need to investigate the present study, and how it is different from previous works.

The manuscript must adhere to the rules of grammar and language usage, whether in English or Filipino.

The introduction must:

This section must include sufficient, relevant, and up-to-date references to support the rationale and conduct of the research.

An appropriate theoretical and/or conceptual framework must be presented to anchor the study.

The methodology section should be well-structured, detailed, and properly organized. Each subsection should only contain content appropriate to it:

Important Reminders:

• Conclusions must be logically drawn from the study’s findings.
• Recommendations should be specific, actionable, and relevant to the results. Avoid generic statements.

• References (APA 7th Edition)

References must strictly adhere to APA 7th edition. Authors must review their entire manuscript carefully:

• Ensure proper formatting (e.g., italicizing journal names, use of “&” vs. “and,” correct application of et al., punctuation, spacing, quotation marks).
• All in-text citations must appear in the References list and vice versa. No mismatches allowed.
• Avoid old references; prioritize recent ones.
• If a citation was included but missing in the References, update it properly (do not erase it without explanation). Similarly, remove unused entries from the References list.
• The paper will not be published if even one citation/reference entry is non-compliant.

APA 7^th requires:

·      All sources listed in the References Section must match 100% with the actual sources used in the entire manuscript, and all sources cited in the entire manuscript are reflected in the list of sources in the References section. 

• Author/s should provide a link to every research article or literature/document, where we can find the journal or document, or best, where we can find the specific research article/document. Must provide the DOI for it, or URL if the journal is not yet DOI accredited, or link to the document. 

·       Arranged alphabetically regardless of classifications (Do not categorize or classify if books, or journals, or other documents. Just arrange alphabetically all sources)

·       Used hanging indent. 

·       Author(s) last name, initials.

·       Year of publication in parentheses.

·       Title of article in sentence case (only first word, proper nouns, and first word after a colon capitalized).

·       Journal titles in italics and title case.

·       Volume numbers italicized; issue numbers in parentheses (not italicized).

·       Page ranges given without extra words.

·       DOI formatted as URL (https://doi.org/...).

·       Retrieval statements are used sparingly (only when content is likely to change).

·       For secondary sources, only the work actually consulted (the secondary source) is included in the References list; the original source cited indirectly (e.g., “as cited in”) must not be listed unless it was directly read by the author.

• Acronyms and Abbreviations

Always define acronyms upon first mention in the manuscript. Do not assume that readers will automatically know them.

Authors are also required to submit a duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, which can be accessed via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...    

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

Editor’s Note

International Journal of Security, Defense, Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement, and Corrections (IJSDCJLEC)

The maiden issue of IJSDCJLEC marks ETCOR’s commitment to advancing rigorous, ethical, and policy-relevant research in security, defense, and justice studies. In an era marked by evolving security threats, complex criminal behavior, and justice system challenges, scholarly research plays a critical role in informing evidence-based decision-making.

Security and justice institutions operate at the intersection of public safety, human rights, and governance. This journal provides a platform for research that critically examines these intersections while promoting accountability, professionalism, and reform.

IJSDCJLEC bridges theory and practice by welcoming contributions from scholars and practitioners engaged in policing, defense, corrections, and justice administration. Through interdisciplinary and comparative perspectives, the journal seeks to enhance understanding of crime, security, and institutional responses across diverse contexts.

As a peer-reviewed international journal, IJSDCJLEC upholds the highest standards of academic integrity, methodological rigor, and ethical research conduct.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we invite researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and security professionals worldwide to contribute to future issues as we collectively advance knowledge, justice, and public safety.

Dr. Paolo T. Lumanlan, Editor-in-Chief International Journal of Security, Defense, Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement, and Corrections (IJSDCJLEC)

Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Paolo T. Lumanlan, Associate Professor V, Lyceum of Capas

Associate Editors

• Dr. Helena T. Morris – Criminal Justice Systems and Criminology
• Dr. Wei Zhang – Security Studies and Strategic Analysis
• Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Policing, Law Enforcement, and Public Safety
• Dr. Priya R. Menon – Corrections, Rehabilitation, and Justice Policy

Managing Editor

• Ms. Clarissa R. Mendoza

Section Editors

• Dr. Andrew J. Collins – Defense Studies and Military Strategy
• Dr. Sofia L. Romano – Criminal Investigation, Forensics, and Intelligence
• Dr. Daniel K. Nguyen – Corrections Management, Rehabilitation, and Penology

Journal Staff

• Editorial Assistant: Mr. Joshua L. Navarro
• Copy Editor: Ms. Regina L. Bautista, MA English
• Language Editor: Dr. Margaret E. Collins
• Layout and Production Editor: Mr. Vincent A. Navarro
• Plagiarism and Ethics Officer: Dr. Noel B. Ramirez
• Technical and Web Support: ETCOR Publications Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka – Security and Defense Studies, Japan
• Dr. Maria L. Gonzales – Criminal Justice and Policing, Philippines
• Dr. Andrew P. Collins – Defense Policy and Strategic Studies, Australia
• Dr. Aisha R. El-Sayed – Criminology and Law Enforcement, Egypt
• Dr. Thomas A. Keller – Comparative Criminal Justice Systems, Germany
• Dr. Priya S. Nair – Corrections and Rehabilitation Studies, India
• Dr. Carlos J. Fernandez – Law Enforcement Administration, Spain
• Dr. Mei-Ling Wu – Security Governance and Risk Management, Taiwan
• Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Policing and Community Safety, Nigeria
• Dr. Olivia M. Brooks – Justice Policy and Institutional Reform, United States

International Journal of Open-access, Interdisciplinary & New Educational Discoveries of ETCOR Educational Research Center (iJOINED ETCOR)

Print ISSN: 2984-7567 Electronic ISSN: 2945-3577

About the Journal

iJOINED ETCOR is the first and pioneering academic journal of ETCOR, now publishing Volume V, Issue 1. It represents the foundation of ETCOR’s mission to build a strong global research culture rooted in collaboration, interdisciplinary scholarship, and educational innovation.

Formally known as the International Journal of Open-access, Interdisciplinary & New Educational Discoveries of ETCOR, the journal serves as a trusted international platform for credible, high-quality, and globally visible research. It publishes scholarly works integrating knowledge across disciplines, with strong emphasis on education, innovation, community development, and applied research for societal impact.

The journal upholds rigorous peer-review standards, ethical publication practices, and international visibility through recognized indexing systems and DOI registration.

Why Publish in iJOINED ETCOR?

Internationally Indexed – ETCOR journals are indexed in Google Scholar, CrossRef DOI, EuroPub (UK), and other databases for global visibility.

CrossRef-Indexed with DOI – Every article receives a DOI for reliable citation, discoverability, and academic credibility.

Rigorous Double-Blind Peer Review – Ensures objectivity, fairness, and scholarly integrity.

Expert Multidisciplinary Reviewers – Evaluations are conducted by experienced scholars across various disciplines.

Registered ISSNs (Print & Electronic) – Strengthens legitimacy and international recognition.

Open Access, Global Reach – Research becomes accessible to educators, researchers, policymakers, and institutions worldwide.

Trusted by Scholars – A growing community of authors, reviewers, and editors committed to research excellence.

Aims and Scope

Aims

1. Promote high-quality interdisciplinary research
2. Advance educational innovation and new discoveries
3. Encourage collaboration among researchers and professionals
4. Support research contributing to institutional and community development
5. Provide a global platform for impactful scholarship

Scope

The journal welcomes research in:

• Education and learning innovations • Curriculum and instructional leadership • Community and social development • Educational technology and digital learning • Health and human development • Environmental and sustainability studies • Entrepreneurship and livelihood research • Humanities and social sciences • Gender and inclusion studies • Public policy and governance • Interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral research

Publication Frequency and Format

• Quarterly publication (4 issues per year) • Open-access online journal • Double-blind peer review • CrossRef DOI assigned to each article

Submission Information

👉 Submit manuscripts via: https://tinyurl.com/iJOINEDetcor 📞 0939 202 9035 🌐 https://www.facebook.com/EmbracingTheCultureOfResearch/

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Adrian Lawrence P. Carvajal, CSEE, CPME, CLSSYB, Director II, Student Incentives Support Office, Teacher Education Council (TEC), Department of Education

Associate Editors

·      Dr. Julie S. Berame, Professor, – Educational Leadership and Curriculum Studies

·      Dr. Maria Victoria V. Tiquis – Educational Leadership and Curriculum Studies

·      Dr. Rissa Lintao-Mercado – Student Affairs and Higher Education Development

·      Dr. Reynold A. Campo – Research Policy, Governance, and Institutional Development

• Dr. Sharima R. Morales – Educational Management and Leadership

Managing Editor

• Ms. Clarissa R. Mendoza

Section Editors

• Dr. Helena T. Morris – Social Sciences and Community Development • Dr. Wei Zhang – Educational Technology and Innovation • Dr. Priya R. Menon – Human Development and Wellness • Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Public Policy and Governance

Journal Staff

• Editorial Assistant: Mr. Joshua L. Navarro • Copy Editor: Ms. Regina L. Bautista, MA English • Language Editor: Dr. Margaret E. Collins • Layout and Production Editor: Mr. Vincent A. Navarro • Plagiarism and Ethics Officer: Dr. Noel B. Ramirez • Technical and Web Support: ETCOR Publications Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka – Education Policy and Leadership, Japan • Dr. Maria L. Gonzales – Community Development and Social Research, Philippines • Dr. Andrew P. Collins – Educational Innovation and Technology, Australia • Dr. Aisha R. El-Sayed – Social Sciences and Development Studies, Egypt • Dr. Thomas A. Keller – Comparative Education and Policy, Germany • Dr. Priya S. Nair – Human Development and Gender Studies, India • Dr. Carlos J. Fernandez – Public Administration and Governance, Spain • Dr. Mei-Ling Wu – Educational Research and Assessment, Taiwan • Dr. Olivia M. Brooks – Institutional Research and Higher Education, United States

Call for Papers

Be part of a globally connected research community that values quality, visibility, and integrity.

ETCOR – Embracing the Culture of Research Where your research is reviewed with rigor and recognized globally.

International Journal of Language, English Studies, Translation, and Communication Research (IJLESTCR)

Submit an article: https://tinyurl.com/IJLESTCR 

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesIJLESTCR

Frequency: A Quarterly Peer-Reviewed International Research Journal

Print ISSN: 3116-4374 

Electronic ISSN: 3116-4382

About the Journal

The International Journal of Language, English Studies, Translation, and Communication Research (IJLESTCR) is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, international print and online research journal dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in language studies, English language education, translation studies, communication, public speaking, discourse, and grammar research.

Published by ETCOR, the journal recognizes that language is central to education, governance, culture, diplomacy, media, and global interaction. Effective communication and linguistic competence shape social participation, knowledge transmission, and international understanding.

IJLESTCR serves as a global platform for linguists, English educators, translators, communication scholars, discourse analysts, speech specialists, and interdisciplinary researchers to disseminate high-quality theoretical, empirical, pedagogical, and applied research that advances language education, communication competence, intercultural dialogue, and linguistic scholarship.

The journal is committed to maintaining rigorous scholarly and ethical standards, responsible language research, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and print and electronic ISSN accreditation.

Aims and Scope

Aims

IJLESTCR aims to:

1. Promote high-quality research in language, English studies, translation, and communication
2. Advance theoretical and applied understanding of linguistic systems and language use
3. Encourage interdisciplinary integration of linguistics, education, communication, culture, and media
4. Provide a venue for global, comparative, and application-driven language research
5. Support inclusive, ethical, and culturally responsive communication practices

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, discourse analyses, classroom-based studies, translation research, and conceptual papers in, but not limited to, the following areas:

• Linguistics and applied linguistics
• English language teaching and learning (EFL/ESL)
• Translation and interpreting studies
• Grammar studies and syntax research
• Discourse analysis and pragmatics
• Sociolinguistics and intercultural communication
• Public speaking, rhetoric, and speech communication
• Language assessment and curriculum development
• Multilingualism and language policy
• Communication in media, education, and professional contexts
• Language technology in communication and translation
• Interdisciplinary and applied communication research

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year)
• Formats: Print and Online
• Review Type: Double-blind peer review
• Identifiers:
  • Print ISSN 
  • Electronic ISSN
  • Crossref DOI assigned to all published articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/IJLESTCR

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

With regard to research submitted for possible publication, authors must ensure that they follow the journal format, including the template, header, footer, font size and font style. Author/s must download and follow the sample manuscript found via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...  Kindly reduce the manuscript to 10-12 pages only, including the References. Kindly choose only the most salient parts of the paper. 

Additionally, kindly comply with the following:

• Academic Significance, Contribution to Discipline or Community, Technical Novelty
• English Usage (or Filipino, as may be applicable)
  • Use past tense consistently since the study is already completed.
  • Avoid first-person point of view (“I,” “we”); instead, maintain a third-person scientific tone.
  • Avoid contractions; spell out complete words to retain formality.
  • Provide English translations for words, terms, or items not understandable to international readers.
• Abstract The abstract should follow the journal’s prescribed format and accurately reflect the study’s major components. Ensure that it correctly presents the aim, methodology, key findings or results, and conclusion in a concise and logical manner.
• Introduction / Background of the Study
  • Present a clear rationale or background from the global to Philippine/local contexts.
  • Show the trends and issues related to the study, supported with recent and relevant citations (2021–2026 preferred).
  • Identify and explain the research gap/s, highlighting why the present study is necessary and how it differs from prior works.
• Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions The Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions must be clearly, explicitly, and logically stated.
  • The statement of the problem is a detailed explanation of the issue, gap, or challenge that the study seeks to address. It frames the context and justifies why the study is necessary, usually written in declarative form as a narrative or paragraph. Its purpose is to highlight the significance, scope, and urgency of the study, providing a broad and contextual background of the issue at hand. For example, a study may state: “Despite government programs, many senior citizens in rural areas experience delays in receiving social pensions, raising concerns about accessibility and efficiency.”
  • The research objectives represent the specific aims or intentions of the study, focusing on what the researcher seeks to accomplish. These are written in infinitive form such as “To determine…” or “To examine…,” ensuring that the targets are clear, measurable, and achievable. Unlike the broad statement of the problem, objectives are narrower and centered on actionable outcomes. For instance, a general objective could be “To assess the implementation of the Social Pension Program in Balbalan, Kalinga.” This may be broken down into specific objectives, such as: (1) To determine the accessibility of the program, (2) To examine its impact on beneficiaries, and (3) To identify challenges faced in its implementation.
  • The research questions are the interrogative form of the objectives, expressed as direct questions the study seeks to answer. They are usually written in formats such as “What is…?” or “How does…?” and serve the purpose of guiding data collection and analysis by pointing to specific inquiries. Research questions are even more specific than objectives, as they operationalize the study’s goals into answerable items. Using the same example, the research questions could include: RQ1: How accessible is the Social Pension Program to senior citizens in Balbalan? RQ2: What impact does the program have on the beneficiaries’ quality of life? RQ3: What challenges hinder the effective implementation of the program?
• Review of Related Literature and Studies
  • Avoid outdated sources (1–2 decades old) for dynamic or evolving concepts.
  • Do not use sources with “no date (n.d.).”
  • Ensure citations are aligned with the arguments and logically linked to the study.
  • There must be a clear synthesis at the end of the RRLS that captures key insights, connects the reviewed works, and justifies the need for the present study.
• Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework
• Research Methodology (Research Design, Population and Sampling, Instrument, Data Collection, Treatment of Data, Ethics in Research)
  • Research Design: Describe what design was used, how it was applied, and why it was the most suited.
  • Population and Sampling and Other Source/s of Data: Provide the exact number of participants/respondents, how and why they were selected. If you used other source/s of data (documents, policies, other contents), describe each document, how each was accessed, and why each is needed in the study. 
  • Instrument/s: State whether the instrument was adopted or researcher-made. Describe its validation process, including the qualifications of validators.
  • Data Collection: Focus on how, when, and where the data was collected. Do not include ethics approval here.
  • Treatment of Data: Clearly describe the methods of data analysis or statistical treatment. For qualitative analysis, avoid generic discussions (e.g., what thematic analysis is according to authors). Instead, show how the method was applied in your study.
  • Ethical Considerations: Include ethical approval, informed consent, and permissions here, not in other subsections.
  • Avoid “chop-suey” writing (mixing unrelated topics).
  • If the study used a mixed-method approach, discuss both parts separately (quantitative and qualitative)—design, participants, instruments, data collection, treatment of data, ethical considerations—and explain how the two sets of data were integrated.
  • Use plural (“researchers”) consistently if the paper has co-authors.
• Results and Discussion
  • Present results clearly, logically, and aligned with the research questions.
  • Support findings with relevant and recent literature.
  • Integrate discussion immediately after each result to enhance coherence.
• Conclusions and Recommendations

The paper should demonstrate importance to the academic community or to research in general. It must offer a material contribution to its discipline and present novel or unique ideas that may be useful to the community. Clearly show the research gap, why there was a need to investigate the present study, and how it is different from previous works.

The manuscript must adhere to the rules of grammar and language usage, whether in English or Filipino.

The introduction must:

This section must include sufficient, relevant, and up-to-date references to support the rationale and conduct of the research.

An appropriate theoretical and/or conceptual framework must be presented to anchor the study.

The methodology section should be well-structured, detailed, and properly organized. Each subsection should only contain content appropriate to it:

Important Reminders:

• Conclusions must be logically drawn from the study’s findings.
• Recommendations should be specific, actionable, and relevant to the results. Avoid generic statements.

• References (APA 7th Edition)

References must strictly adhere to APA 7th edition. Authors must review their entire manuscript carefully:

• Ensure proper formatting (e.g., italicizing journal names, use of “&” vs. “and,” correct application of et al., punctuation, spacing, quotation marks).
• All in-text citations must appear in the References list and vice versa. No mismatches allowed.
• Avoid old references; prioritize recent ones.
• If a citation was included but missing in the References, update it properly (do not erase it without explanation). Similarly, remove unused entries from the References list.
• The paper will not be published if even one citation/reference entry is non-compliant.

APA 7^th requires:

·      All sources listed in the References Section must match 100% with the actual sources used in the entire manuscript, and all sources cited in the entire manuscript are reflected in the list of sources in the References section. 

• Author/s should provide a link to every research article or literature/document, where we can find the journal or document, or best, where we can find the specific research article/document. Must provide the DOI for it, or URL if the journal is not yet DOI accredited, or link to the document. 

·       Arranged alphabetically regardless of classifications (Do not categorize or classify if books, or journals, or other documents. Just arrange alphabetically all sources)

·       Used hanging indent. 

·       Author(s) last name, initials.

·       Year of publication in parentheses.

·       Title of article in sentence case (only first word, proper nouns, and first word after a colon capitalized).

·       Journal titles in italics and title case.

·       Volume numbers italicized; issue numbers in parentheses (not italicized).

·       Page ranges given without extra words.

·       DOI formatted as URL (https://doi.org/...).

·       Retrieval statements are used sparingly (only when content is likely to change).

·       For secondary sources, only the work actually consulted (the secondary source) is included in the References list; the original source cited indirectly (e.g., “as cited in”) must not be listed unless it was directly read by the author.

• Acronyms and Abbreviations

Always define acronyms upon first mention in the manuscript. Do not assume that readers will automatically know them.

Authors are also required to submit a duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, which can be accessed via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...  

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

Editor’s Note (Maiden Issue)

International Journal of Language, English Studies, Translation, and Communication Research (IJLESTCR)

It is with great pride and enthusiasm that we present the maiden issue of the International Journal of Language, English Studies, Translation, and Communication Research (IJLESTCR). This inaugural publication reflects ETCOR’s commitment to advancing rigorous, inclusive, and globally relevant research in language and communication.

Language shapes how individuals think, interact, learn, and participate in society. From classrooms to diplomatic negotiations, from public speaking to translation, language remains a powerful force in shaping knowledge, culture, and global cooperation.

IJLESTCR provides a scholarly platform for research that advances both theoretical understanding and practical applications of language and communication. The journal values work that integrates linguistics, pedagogy, discourse, translation, and speech communication.

As a peer-reviewed international journal, IJLESTCR upholds the highest standards of academic integrity through a double-blind review process and strict adherence to ethical research and publication practices.

The journal seeks to bridge research and practice. Language and communication research achieves its greatest impact when it informs teaching, translation quality, public discourse, intercultural communication, and professional practice.

This maiden issue is the result of collaborative efforts among authors, reviewers, editors, and communication scholars committed to scholarly excellence and responsible language research.

IJLESTCR is positioned as a global journal that values interdisciplinary, cross-cultural, and multilingual perspectives in language and communication research.

The journal is also committed to supporting early-career language educators, translators, researchers, and communication practitioners.

As we launch this first issue, we reaffirm our commitment to ethical publishing, inclusivity, and continuous improvement in an increasingly interconnected linguistic world.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we invite linguists, educators, translators, and communication scholars worldwide to join us in shaping future issues of IJLESTCR.

— Dr. Susan R. Butac, Editor-in-Chief

Editorial Board

International Journal of Language, English Studies, Translation, and Communication Research (IJLESTCR)

Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Susan R. Butac, Professor, San Beda University, Manila

Associate Editor

Dr. Imelda B. Vergara, Research Officer, St. Bridget College, Batangas City

Managing Editor

Dr. Imelda Castro Runas, Graduate School Professor, Philippine College of Criminology

Section Editors

• Dr. Eleanor J. Smith – Linguistics and Applied Linguistics • Dr. Ricardo M. Alvarez – English Language Teaching and Learning (EFL/ESL) • Dr. Hana K. Nakamura – Translation and Interpreting Studies • Dr. Sofia L. Romano – Discourse Analysis, Pragmatics, and Sociolinguistics • Dr. Daniel P. Ocampo – Communication Studies, Public Speaking, and Rhetoric

Journal Staff

• Editorial Assistant: Mr. Joshua L. Navarro

• Copy Editor: Ms. Regina L. Bautista, MA English

• Language Editor: Dr. Margaret E. Collins

• Layout and Production Editor: Mr. Vincent A. Navarro

• Plagiarism and Ethics Officer: Dr. Noel B. Ramirez

• Technical and Web Support: ETCOR Publications Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka – Applied Linguistics and Discourse Studies, Japan • Dr. Maria L. Gonzales – English Language Education and Curriculum Studies, Philippines • Dr. Andrew P. Collins – Communication Theory and Media Studies, Australia • Dr. Aisha R. El-Sayed – Translation Studies and Intercultural Communication, Egypt • Dr. Thomas A. Keller – Sociolinguistics and Language Policy, Germany • Dr. Priya S. Nair – English for Academic and Professional Purposes, India • Dr. Carlos J. Fernandez – Rhetoric, Public Speaking, and Professional Communication, Spain • Dr. Mei-Ling Wu – Multilingualism and Language Assessment, Taiwan • Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Discourse, Communication Ethics, and Education, Nigeria • Dr. Olivia M. Brooks – Media Communication and Applied Language Studies, United States

 Pandaigdigang Dyornal ng mga Pag-aaral sa Filipino (PDPF)

Submit an article: https://tinyurl.com/PDPFilipino 

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesPDPF 

Kada Kuwarter na Refereed at Pandaigdigang Dyornal ng Pananaliksik

Print ISSN: 3116-4463 

Electronic ISSN: 3116-4471

Tungkol sa Dyornal

Ang Pandaigdigang Dyornal ng mga Pag-aaral sa Filipino (PDPF) ay isang kada kuwarter (apat na beses bawat taon), peer-reviewed, pandaigdigang dyornal na nakatuon sa pagpapalawak ng kaalaman sa larangan ng wikang Filipino, panitikan, salin, komunikasyon, at mga kaugnay na pag-aaral pangwika at pangkultura.

Inilalathala ng ETCOR, kinikilala ng dyornal na ang wika ay mahalagang salik sa edukasyon, kultura, pamamahala, midya, at pandaigdigang ugnayan. Ang Filipino, bilang pambansang wika ng Pilipinas at wikang buhay sa loob at labas ng bansa, ay patuloy na umuunlad sa iba’t ibang kontekstong panlipunan, akademiko, at transnasyonal.

Nagsisilbi ang PDPF bilang pandaigdigang plataporma para sa mga iskolar, guro, mananaliksik, tagasalin, at dalubhasa sa komunikasyon mula sa iba’t ibang bansa upang maipalaganap ang mataas na kalidad na teoretikal, empirikal, pedagohikal, at aplikadong pananaliksik na nagpapayabong sa pag-aaral ng Filipino at mga kaugnay na disiplina.

Ang dyornal ay nakatuon sa mahigpit na pamantayang akademiko at etikal, responsableng pananaliksik sa wika at kultura, at pandaigdigang bisibilidad sa pamamagitan ng internasyonal na indexing, Crossref DOI registration, at akreditasyon ng print at electronic ISSN.

Layunin at Saklaw

Mga Layunin

Layunin ng PDPF na:

1. Itaguyod ang mataas na kalidad na pananaliksik sa wikang Filipino at mga kaugnay na larangan
2. Palalimin ang teoretikal at aplikadong pag-unawa sa estruktura, gamit, at pag-unlad ng Filipino
3. Hikayatin ang interdisiplinaryong integrasyon ng wika, edukasyon, kultura, midya, at komunikasyon
4. Magbigay ng daluyan para sa pandaigdigan, paghahambing, at kontekstuwalisadong pag-aaral hinggil sa Filipino
5. Suportahan ang inklusibo, etikal, at kulturang-sensitibong komunikasyon at pananaliksik

Saklaw

Tumatanggap ang dyornal ng mga orihinal na artikulong pananaliksik, sistematikong rebyu, meta-analisis, diskurso analisis, pag-aaral sa silid-aralan, pananaliksik sa salin, at mga konseptuwal na papel sa mga sumusunod na larangan (ngunit hindi limitado sa):

• Lingguwistika at Aplikadong Lingguwistika sa Filipino • Pagtuturo at Pagkatuto ng Filipino • Pagsasalin at Pagpapakahulugan • Gramatika at Sintaks ng Filipino • Diskurso Analisis at Pragmatika • Sosyolingguwistika at Interkultural na Komunikasyon • Retorika, Talumpati, at Pasalitang Komunikasyon sa Filipino • Pagtataya ng Wika at Pagbuo ng Kurikulum • Multilingguwalismo at Patakarang Pangwika • Filipino sa Midya, Digital na Espasyo, at Propesyonal na Konteksto • Filipino sa Diaspora at Pandaigdigang Komunidad • Interdisiplinaryo at Aplikadong Pananaliksik sa Komunikasyong Filipino

Dalas ng Paglalathala at Anyo

• Dalas: Kada Kuwarter (4 na isyu bawat taon) • Anyo: Print at Online • Uri ng Rebyu: Double-blind peer review • Mga Identifier:

• Print ISSN 
• Electronic ISSN
• Crossref DOI para sa lahat ng nailathalang artikulo

Mga Alituntunin sa Pagsusumite

Mga Gabay para sa May-akda / Mga Tagubilin sa mga May-akda

Ang mga manuskrito ay tinatanggap sa pag-unawang ang mga ito ay naglalaman ng orihinal na gawaing pang-akademiko na hindi pa nailalathala at kasalukuyang hindi isinasalang-alang para sa publikasyon sa alinmang journal o publikasyon.

Dapat isumite ng mga may-akda ang kanilang manuskrito sa https://tinyurl.com/PDPFilipin...

Para sa mga manuskritong may dalawa o higit pang may-akda, ang corresponding author ang dapat magsumite ng manuskrito sa ngalan ng lahat ng kasamang may-akda.

Para sa mga katanungan, maaaring makipag-ugnayan ang mga may-akda sa: • ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035 • Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Pagbubunyag ng Pondo (Funding Disclosure)

Lahat ng may-akda ay kailangang magbunyag ng lahat ng pinagmumulan ng pondo o suportang pinansyal, kung mayroon man, na may kaugnayan sa isinagawang pananaliksik.

Kaugnay ng mga pananaliksik na isinusumite para sa posibleng publikasyon, dapat tiyakin ng mga may-akda na sinusunod ang pormat ng journal, kabilang ang template, header, footer, laki at uri ng font. Kinakailangang i-download at sundin ang halimbawang manuskrito na ibibigay sa https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesP...

Mangyaring bawasan ang haba ng manuskrito sa 10–12 pahina lamang, kabilang na ang mga Sanggunian (References). Piliin lamang ang pinakamahahalagang bahagi ng papel.

Bukod dito, mangyaring sumunod sa mga sumusunod:

1. Akademikong Kahalagahan, Ambag sa Disiplina o Komunidad, at Teknikal na Inobasyon

Ang papel ay dapat magpakita ng kahalagahan sa akademikong komunidad o sa larangan ng pananaliksik sa pangkalahatan. Dapat itong magbigay ng makabuluhang ambag sa disiplina at maglahad ng bago, kakaiba, o natatanging mga ideya na maaaring maging kapaki-pakinabang sa komunidad. Dapat malinaw na maipakita ang research gap, kung bakit kinailangang isagawa ang kasalukuyang pag-aaral, at kung paano ito naiiba sa mga naunang pananaliksik.

2. Paggamit ng Ingles (o Filipino, kung naaangkop)

Ang manuskrito ay dapat sumunod sa mga tuntunin ng wastong gramatika at paggamit ng wika, maging ito man ay Ingles o Filipino.

o Gumamit ng panahong nakaraan (past tense) nang pare-pareho sapagkat tapos na ang pag-aaral. o Iwasan ang unang panauhan (“I,” “we”); sa halip, panatilihin ang ikatlong panauhang siyentipikong tono. o Iwasan ang pinaikling salita (contractions); baybayin ang buong salita upang mapanatili ang pormalidad. o Magbigay ng salin sa Ingles para sa mga salita, termino, o bagay na maaaring hindi maunawaan ng mga internasyonal na mambabasa.

3. Abstrak

Ang abstrak ay dapat sumunod sa itinakdang pormat ng journal at tumpak na sumasalamin sa mahahalagang bahagi ng pag-aaral. Tiyaking malinaw at maikli nitong nailalahad ang layunin, metodolohiya, mahahalagang resulta o natuklasan, at kongklusyon sa lohikal na paraan.

4. Introduksiyon / Kaligiran ng Pag-aaral

Ang introduksiyon ay dapat:

o Maglahad ng malinaw na rasyonal o kaligiran mula sa pandaigdigan hanggang pambansa o lokal na konteksto. o Ipakita ang mga uso at isyung may kaugnayan sa pag-aaral, na sinusuportahan ng mga bago at kaugnay na sanggunian (mas mainam ang 2021–2026). o Tukuyin at ipaliwanag ang mga research gap, binibigyang-diin kung bakit kinakailangan ang kasalukuyang pag-aaral at kung paano ito naiiba sa mga naunang pananaliksik.

5. Paglalahad ng Suliranin, mga Layunin ng Pananaliksik, at mga Tanong sa Pananaliksik

Ang Paglalahad ng Suliranin, mga Layunin ng Pananaliksik, at mga Tanong sa Pananaliksik ay dapat malinaw, tahasan, at lohikal na nakasaad.

o Ang paglalahad ng suliranin ay detalyadong paliwanag ng isyu, puwang, o hamon na tinutugunan ng pag-aaral. Ito ay nagbibigay ng konteksto at nagpapaliwanag kung bakit kinakailangan ang pag-aaral. Karaniwan itong nakasulat sa anyong pasalaysay o talata. Layunin nitong ipakita ang kahalagahan, saklaw, at agarang pangangailangan ng pag-aaral. Halimbawa: “Sa kabila ng mga programang ipinatutupad ng pamahalaan, maraming senior citizen sa mga kanayunan ang nakararanas ng pagkaantala sa pagtanggap ng social pension, na nagbubunsod ng mga alalahanin sa aksesibilidad at kahusayan.”

o Ang mga layunin ng pananaliksik ay kumakatawan sa tiyak na nais makamit ng pag-aaral. Ang mga ito ay karaniwang isinusulat sa anyong pawatas (infinitive) tulad ng “Upang matukoy…” o “Upang masuri…,” at dapat malinaw, nasusukat, at makakamit. Halimbawa ng pangkalahatang layunin: “Upang masuri ang implementasyon ng Social Pension Program sa Balbalan, Kalinga.” Maaari itong hatiin sa mga tiyak na layunin gaya ng: (1) Upang matukoy ang aksesibilidad ng programa, (2) Upang masuri ang epekto nito sa mga benepisyaryo, at (3) Upang matukoy ang mga hamon sa implementasyon nito.

o Ang mga tanong sa pananaliksik ay ang patanong na anyo ng mga layunin at nagsisilbing gabay sa pangangalap at pagsusuri ng datos. Karaniwan itong nagsisimula sa “Ano ang…?” o “Paano…?” Halimbawa: RQ1: Gaano ka-accessible ang Social Pension Program sa mga senior citizen sa Balbalan? RQ2: Ano ang epekto ng programa sa kalidad ng buhay ng mga benepisyaryo? RQ3: Anu-ano ang mga hamon na humahadlang sa epektibong implementasyon ng programa?

6. Rebyu ng Kaugnay na Literatura at mga Pag-aaral

Dapat maglaman ang bahaging ito ng sapat, may kaugnayan, at napapanahong mga sanggunian upang suportahan ang rasyonal at pagsasagawa ng pananaliksik.

o Iwasan ang mga lumang sanggunian (1–2 dekada na ang tanda) para sa mga dinamik o patuloy na umuunlad na konsepto. o Huwag gumamit ng mga sangguniang may “walang petsa (n.d.).” o Tiyaking ang mga sipi (citations) ay naaayon sa mga argumento at lohikal na konektado sa pag-aaral. o Dapat may malinaw na sintesis sa hulihan ng RRLS na nagbubuod ng mahahalagang ideya, nag-uugnay sa mga sinuring pag-aaral, at nagbibigay-katwiran sa pangangailangan ng kasalukuyang pananaliksik.

7. Teoretikal at/o Konseptuwal na Balangkas

Dapat maglahad ng angkop na teoretikal at/o konseptuwal na balangkas upang magsilbing pundasyon ng pag-aaral.

8. Metodolohiya ng Pananaliksik

(Disenyo ng Pananaliksik, Populasyon at Sampling, Instrumento, Pangangalap ng Datos, Pagsusuri ng Datos, Etika sa Pananaliksik)

Ang bahaging ito ay dapat malinaw ang pagkakaayos, detalyado, at maayos ang organisasyon. Ang bawat sub-bahagi ay dapat maglaman lamang ng mga impormasyong angkop dito:

o Disenyo ng Pananaliksik: Ilarawan kung anong disenyo ang ginamit, paano ito ipinatupad, at kung bakit ito ang pinakaangkop. o Populasyon at Sampling at iba pang Pinagmumulan ng Datos: Ibigay ang eksaktong bilang ng mga kalahok o respondente, pati ang paraan at dahilan ng kanilang pagpili. Kung gumamit ng iba pang pinagmumulan ng datos (mga dokumento, polisiya, at iba pa), ilarawan ang bawat isa, kung paano ito nakuha, at kung bakit ito mahalaga sa pag-aaral. o Mga Instrumento: Tukuyin kung ang instrumento ay inangkop o ginawa ng mananaliksik. Ilarawan ang proseso ng balidasyon, kabilang ang kwalipikasyon ng mga tagasuri (validators). o Pangangalap ng Datos: Ituon sa kung paano, kailan, at saan kinalap ang datos. Huwag isama rito ang pag-apruba sa etika. o Pagsusuri ng Datos: Malinaw na ilarawan ang mga ginamit na paraan ng pagsusuri o estadistikal na pagpoproseso. Para sa kwalitatibong pagsusuri, iwasan ang pangkalahatang paliwanag; sa halip, ipakita kung paano ito aktuwal na isinagawa sa pag-aaral. o Mga Etikal na Pagsasaalang-alang: Isama rito ang pag-apruba sa etika, informed consent, at mga pahintulot, at hindi sa ibang sub-bahagi.

Mahahalagang Paalala:

o Iwasan ang “chop-suey” na pagsulat (halo-halong paksang hindi magkakaugnay). o Kung gumamit ng mixed-method approach, talakayin nang hiwalay ang bahagi ng kwantitatibo at kwalitatibo—disenyo, kalahok, instrumento, pangangalap ng datos, pagsusuri ng datos, at etika—at ipaliwanag kung paano pinagsama ang dalawang uri ng datos. o Gumamit ng maramihang anyo (“mga mananaliksik”) kung may higit sa isang may-akda.

9. Mga Resulta at Talakayan

o Ipakita ang mga resulta nang malinaw, lohikal, at naaayon sa mga tanong sa pananaliksik. o Suportahan ang mga natuklasan ng kaugnay at napapanahong literatura. o Isama agad ang talakayan pagkatapos ng bawat resulta upang mapahusay ang pagkakaugnay-ugnay ng diskusyon.

10. Kongklusyon at mga Rekomendasyon

• Ang mga kongklusyon ay dapat lohikal na hinango mula sa mga natuklasan ng pag-aaral. • Ang mga rekomendasyon ay dapat tiyak, maisasagawa, at may kaugnayan sa mga resulta. Iwasan ang mga pangkalahatang pahayag.

11. Mga Sanggunian (APA Ika-7 Edisyon)

Ang mga sanggunian ay dapat mahigpit na sumunod sa APA ika-7 edisyon. Dapat suriing mabuti ng mga may-akda ang buong manuskrito:

• Tiyakin ang wastong pormat (hal., pag-italics ng pangalan ng journal, tamang paggamit ng “&” at “and,” wastong paggamit ng et al., bantas, espasyo, at panipi). • Lahat ng sipi sa teksto ay dapat lumitaw sa listahan ng mga sanggunian at kabaliktaran. Walang pinapayagang hindi pagtutugma. • Iwasan ang mga lumang sanggunian; bigyang-priyoridad ang mga bago. • Kung may sipi sa teksto ngunit wala sa listahan ng sanggunian, ayusin ito nang wasto (huwag basta burahin). Gayundin, alisin ang mga hindi nagamit na sanggunian. • Hindi mailalathala ang papel kung kahit isang sanggunian ay hindi sumusunod sa pamantayan.

Ipinag-uutos ng APA 7th ang mga sumusunod:

• Ang lahat ng sangguniang nakalista ay dapat eksaktong tumugma sa mga aktuwal na ginamit sa buong manuskrito. • Dapat magbigay ng link para sa bawat artikulo o dokumento, lalo na ang DOI, o URL kung walang DOI. • Ayusin ang mga sanggunian nang alpabetikal, anuman ang uri. • Gumamit ng hanging indent. • Apelyido at inisyal ng may-akda. • Taon ng publikasyon sa panaklong. • Pamagat ng artikulo sa sentence case. • Pamagat ng journal na naka-italics at title case. • Bilang ng bolyum na naka-italics; bilang ng isyu sa panaklong. • Saklaw ng pahina nang walang dagdag na salita. • DOI na naka-format bilang URL. • Limitadong paggamit ng retrieval statements. • Para sa sekundaryang sanggunian, tanging ang aktuwal na ginamit na sanggunian lamang ang ililista.

12. Mga Akronim at Daglat

Palaging ipaliwanag ang buong kahulugan ng mga akronim sa unang pagbanggit sa manuskrito. Huwag ipagpalagay na agad itong mauunawaan ng mga mambabasa.

Kinakailangan ding magsumite ang mga may-akda ng duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, na makukuha sa https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesP...

Proseso ng Rebyu

Matapos matanggap ang manuskrito, makakatanggap ang mga may-akda ng email bilang pagkilala sa pagtanggap.

Ibabalik ang mga manuskritong hindi sumusunod sa template ng journal.

Ang mga sumusunod sa pamantayan ay daraan sa:

1.     Paunang pagsusuri ng Associate Editor

2.     Pagsusuri sa plagiarism

3.     Double-blind peer review ng dalawang dalubhasang tagasuri

Ang mga posibleng desisyon ay:

• Ilathala nang walang pagbabago • Tanggapin matapos ang maliliit na rebisyon • Tanggapin matapos ang malalaking rebisyon • Tanggihan

Kung magkakaiba ang desisyon ng mga tagasuri, isang ikatlong tagasuri ang itatalaga. Bibigyan ng dalawang linggo ang mga may-akda para sa rebisyon. Ang pinal na desisyon ay gagawin ng Editor-in-Chief.

Mga Patakaran sa Publikasyon at Etika

Pagbabago sa Pagkaka-akda

Nanatili sa mga may-akda ang karapatang-ari sa ilalim ng lisensiyadong kasunduan at maaari nilang i-archive ang:

• Pre-print • Post-print • PDF ng Tagapaglathala

Salungatan ng Interes

Lahat ng may-akda ay kailangang magbunyag ng anumang aktuwal o posibleng salungatan ng interes.

Pag-urong ng Artikulo (Retraction)

Maaaring bawiin ang artikulo dahil sa mga paglabag sa etika tulad ng plagiarism, dobleng pagsusumite, o pamemeke ng datos. Bayad sa retraction: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Pag-withdraw ng Artikulo

Ang pag-withdraw matapos ang pagkumpleto ng rebyu at prosesong editoryal ay may katumbas na bayad na: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Pag-alis ng Artikulo

Ang mga artikulo ay maaari lamang alisin sa mga sitwasyong may kinalaman sa batas o kaligtasan.

Karagdagang Impormasyon

• Panawagan para sa mga Artikulo sa Pananaliksik: Bukas sa buong taon • Aplikasyon para sa mga Peer Reviewer at Language Editor: Bukas • Bayarin at Diskwento sa Publikasyon: Mayroon para sa mga ETCOR Research Consultant at External Reviewer • Indexing at Archiving: Mga internasyonal na database at institusyunal na repositoryo • Lupon ng Editoryal: Internasyonal at multidisiplinaryo

Tala ng Editor (Unang Isyu)

Pandaigdigang Dyornal ng mga Pag-aaral sa Filipino (PDPF)

Buong galak at karangalan naming inihaharap ang unang isyu ng Pandaigdigang Dyornal ng mga Pag-aaral sa Filipino. Ang inagurasyong publikasyong ito ay sumasalamin sa pangako ng ETCOR na itaguyod ang mahigpit, inklusibo, at pandaigdigang makabuluhang pananaliksik sa wika at komunikasyong Filipino.

Hinuhubog ng wika kung paano nag-iisip, nakikipag-ugnayan, natututo, at nakikilahok ang mga tao sa lipunan. Mula sa silid-aralan hanggang sa pampublikong talastasan, mula sa pagsasalin hanggang sa digital na komunikasyon, nananatiling makapangyarihang puwersa ang Filipino sa paghubog ng kaalaman, kultura, at pandaigdigang ugnayan.

Ang PDPF ay naglalaan ng platapormang akademiko para sa pananaliksik na nagpapalawak sa parehong teoretikal na pag-unawa at praktikal na aplikasyon ng Filipino at komunikasyon. Pinahahalagahan ng dyornal ang mga pag-aaral na nag-uugnay sa lingguwistika, pedagohiya, diskurso, salin, at pasalitang komunikasyon.

Bilang isang refereed na pandaigdigang dyornal, pinanghahawakan ng PDPF ang pinakamataas na pamantayan ng integridad akademiko sa pamamagitan ng double-blind review at mahigpit na pagsunod sa etikal na pananaliksik at publikasyon.

Layunin din ng dyornal na pagdugtungin ang pananaliksik at praktika. Pinakamalawak ang epekto ng pag-aaral sa wika kung ito ay nakatutulong sa pagtuturo, kalidad ng pagsasalin, pampublikong diskurso, interkultural na komunikasyon, at propesyonal na gawain.

Ang unang isyung ito ay bunga ng sama-samang pagsisikap ng mga may-akda, tagarebyu, editor, at iskolar na nakatuon sa kahusayan at responsableng pananaliksik sa Filipino.

Ang PDPF ay nakaposisyon bilang isang pandaigdigang dyornal na nagpapahalaga sa interdisiplinaryo, interkultural, at multilingguwal na pananaw sa pag-aaral ng Filipino.

Kasama rin sa adhikain ng dyornal ang pagsuporta sa mga baguhang mananaliksik, guro ng wika, tagasalin, at dalubhasa sa komunikasyon.

Sa paglulunsad ng unang isyung ito, pinagtitibay namin ang aming pangako sa etikal na paglilimbag, inklusibidad, at tuloy-tuloy na pagpapahusay sa isang lalong nag-uugnayang mundong pangwika.

Sa ngalan ng Editorial Board, inaanyayahan namin ang mga iskolar ng wika, guro, mananaliksik, at tagasalin mula sa iba’t ibang panig ng mundo na makiisa sa paghubog ng mga susunod na isyu ng PDPF.

— Dr. Reggie O. Cruz, Editor-in-Chief

Lupon ng Editoryal

Pandaigdigang Dyornal ng mga Pag-aaral sa Filipino (PDPF) Isang Trimestral na Refereed at Pandaigdigang Dyornal ng Pananaliksik

Punong Patnugot (Editor-in-Chief)

Dr. Reggie O. Cruz Komisyoner sa Kapampangan Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino, Pilipinas

Katuwang na Patnugot (Associate Editor)

Dr. Richard D. Sanchez Propesor ng Pananaliksik John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University (Arevalo), Inc., Iloilo

Tagapamahalang Patnugot (Managing Editor)

Dr. Imelda C. Runas Propesor sa Gradwadong Paaralan Philippine College of Criminology, Maynila

Mga Patnugot ng Seksiyon (Section Editors)

• Dr. Rosario P. dela Cruz Lingguwistika at Aplikadong Lingguwistika sa Filipino

• Dr. Noel A. Santiago Pagtuturo at Pagkatuto ng Filipino at Pagbuo ng Kurikulum

• Dr. Liza M. Bautista Pagsasalin, Pagpapakahulugan, at Pag-aaral sa Salin

• Dr. Fernando C. Reyes Diskurso Analisis, Pragmatika, at Sosyolingguwistika

• Dr. Ana Luisa R. Mercado Komunikasyon, Retorika, Talumpati, at Midya sa Filipino

• Dr. Ramon S. Villareal Multilingguwalismo, Patakarang Pangwika, at Filipino sa Diaspora

Mga Kawani ng Dyornal (Journal Staff)

• Editorial Assistant Mr. Joshua L. Navarro

• Copy Editor Ms. Regina L. Bautista, MA Filipino

• Language Editor (Filipino at Ingles) Dr. Margaret E. Collins

• Layout at Production Editor Mr. Vincent A. Navarro

• Opisyal sa Plagiarism at Etika Dr. Noel B. Ramirez

• Teknikal at Web Support ETCOR Publications Unit

Lupon ng mga Tagarebyu (Pool of Peer Reviewers)

(Pandaigdigan at Multidisiplinaryo)

• Dr. Virgilio S. Almario – Wika at Panitikan ng Filipino, Pilipinas • Dr. Joi A. Barrios – Diskurso, Kasarian, at Kulturang Filipino, Pilipinas • Dr. Maria Cristina C. Ponce – Filipino sa Edukasyon at Kurikulum, Pilipinas • Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka – Applied Linguistics at Discourse Studies, Japan • Dr. Mei-Ling Wu – Multilingguwalismo at Pagtataya ng Wika, Taiwan • Dr. Carlos J. Fernandez – Retorika at Komunikasyong Propesyonal, Spain • Dr. Aisha R. El-Sayed – Translation Studies at Interkultural na Komunikasyon, Egypt • Dr. Thomas A. Keller – Sosyolingguwistika at Patakarang Pangwika, Germany • Dr. Priya S. Nair – Academic at Professional Communication, India • Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Diskurso, Etika sa Komunikasyon, at Edukasyon, Nigeria

International Journal of Kapampangan Language, Culture, and Heritage Studies (IJKLCHS)

Submit an article: https://tinyurl.com/KapampanganJournal 

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesIJKLCHS

Frequency: A Quarterly Peer-Reviewed International Research Journal

Print ISSN: 3116-4390 

Electronic ISSN: 3116-4404

About the Journal

The International Journal of Kapampangan Language, Culture, and Heritage Studies (IJKLCHS) is a quarterly (four issues per year), peer-reviewed, international research journal dedicated to the advancement of scholarly knowledge on Kapampangan language, culture, arts, culinary heritage, history, and intangible and tangible cultural heritage in both local and global contexts.

Published by ETCOR, the journal recognizes that language, arts, food, and cultural practices are inseparable systems of meaning through which communities express identity, history, creativity, and social values. The Kapampangan people, widely recognized for their rich linguistic tradition, performing and visual arts, craftsmanship, and globally celebrated culinary heritage, offer a distinctive and valuable field of interdisciplinary scholarship.

Kapampangan continues to evolve across academic, artistic, social, heritage, and diasporic spaces, making it a vital subject for linguistic, cultural, historical, and heritage-based research. Culinary traditions, artistic expressions, rituals, and material culture are treated in this journal as legitimate cultural texts that reflect knowledge systems, social relations, and historical continuity.

The IJKLCHS serves as an international academic platform for scholars, educators, researchers, artists, cultural workers, linguists, historians, anthropologists, heritage practitioners, and food studies scholars from around the world to disseminate high-quality theoretical, empirical, pedagogical, creative-analytical, and applied research that contributes to the preservation, documentation, critical analysis, and global appreciation of Kapampangan studies.

The journal upholds rigorous academic and ethical standards, responsible research practices, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and accreditation of both print and electronic ISSN.

Aims and Scope

Aims

The International Journal of Kapampangan Language, Culture, and Heritage Studies aims to:

1. Promote high-quality scholarly research on the Kapampangan language, arts, culture, and culinary heritage
2. Deepen theoretical and applied understanding of Kapampangan linguistic structure, cultural expression, artistic production, and food traditions
3. Encourage interdisciplinary integration of language, education, arts, gastronomy, history, heritage studies, media, and communication
4. Provide a venue for international, comparative, and contextualized studies on Kapampangan identity, creativity, and cultural sustainability
5. Support inclusive, ethical, and culturally sensitive research that respects community knowledge, traditions, and intellectual heritage

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, discourse analyses, ethnographic studies, classroom-based research, translation studies, heritage documentation, food studies, arts-based research, and conceptual papers in the following areas, including but not limited to:

Language and Linguistics

• Kapampangan Linguistics and Applied Linguistics
• Grammar, Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics of Kapampangan
• Sociolinguistics and Language Use in Cultural Contexts
• Discourse Analysis and Oral Communication
• Language Assessment, Literacy, and Curriculum Development
• Multilingualism and Language Policy

Education and Communication

• Teaching and Learning of the Kapampangan Language
• Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Education
• Rhetoric, Orality, and Spoken Traditions
• Kapampangan in Media, Digital Spaces, and Professional Contexts
• Intercultural and Heritage Communication

Literature, Arts, and Creative Expression

• Kapampangan Literature (written, oral, and contemporary forms)
• Oral Traditions, Folklore, and Storytelling
• Performing Arts (music, dance, theater, ritual performance)
• Visual Arts, Architecture, Craftsmanship, and Design
• Arts-based and practice-led research in Kapampangan contexts

Culture, Heritage, and History

• Kapampangan History and Cultural Memory
• Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage
• Rituals, Festivals, Belief Systems, and Cultural Practices
• Heritage Preservation, Documentation, and Cultural Sustainability
• Community-based and participatory heritage research

Food and Culinary Heritage

• Kapampangan Food Culture and Gastronomy
• Culinary History, Traditions, and Foodways
• Food as Cultural Identity and Heritage
• Indigenous Ingredients, Cooking Methods, and Knowledge Systems
• Culinary Heritage Preservation, Tourism, and Sustainability

Global and Diasporic Studies

• Kapampangan Diaspora and Transnational Communities
• Cultural Adaptation and Identity in Global Contexts
• Comparative and Intercultural Studies involving Kapampangan heritage
• Interdisciplinary and Applied Research in Global Kapampangan Studies

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year)
• Format: Print and Online
• Review Type: Double-blind peer review
• Identifiers:
  • Print ISSN
  • Electronic ISSN
  • Crossref DOI for all published articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/Kapampanga... 

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

With regard to research submitted for possible publication, authors must ensure that they follow the journal format, including the template, header, footer, font size and font style. Author/s must download and follow the sample manuscript found via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...   Kindly reduce the manuscript to 10-12 pages only, including the References. Kindly choose only the most salient parts of the paper. 

Additionally, kindly comply with the following:

• Academic Significance, Contribution to Discipline or Community, Technical Novelty
• English Usage (or Filipino, as may be applicable)
  • Use past tense consistently since the study is already completed.
  • Avoid first-person point of view (“I,” “we”); instead, maintain a third-person scientific tone.
  • Avoid contractions; spell out complete words to retain formality.
  • Provide English translations for words, terms, or items not understandable to international readers.
• Abstract The abstract should follow the journal’s prescribed format and accurately reflect the study’s major components. Ensure that it correctly presents the aim, methodology, key findings or results, and conclusion in a concise and logical manner.
• Introduction / Background of the Study
  • Present a clear rationale or background from the global to Philippine/local contexts.
  • Show the trends and issues related to the study, supported with recent and relevant citations (2021–2026 preferred).
  • Identify and explain the research gap/s, highlighting why the present study is necessary and how it differs from prior works.
• Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions The Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions must be clearly, explicitly, and logically stated.
  • The statement of the problem is a detailed explanation of the issue, gap, or challenge that the study seeks to address. It frames the context and justifies why the study is necessary, usually written in declarative form as a narrative or paragraph. Its purpose is to highlight the significance, scope, and urgency of the study, providing a broad and contextual background of the issue at hand. For example, a study may state: “Despite government programs, many senior citizens in rural areas experience delays in receiving social pensions, raising concerns about accessibility and efficiency.”
  • The research objectives represent the specific aims or intentions of the study, focusing on what the researcher seeks to accomplish. These are written in infinitive form such as “To determine…” or “To examine…,” ensuring that the targets are clear, measurable, and achievable. Unlike the broad statement of the problem, objectives are narrower and centered on actionable outcomes. For instance, a general objective could be “To assess the implementation of the Social Pension Program in Balbalan, Kalinga.” This may be broken down into specific objectives, such as: (1) To determine the accessibility of the program, (2) To examine its impact on beneficiaries, and (3) To identify challenges faced in its implementation.
  • The research questions are the interrogative form of the objectives, expressed as direct questions the study seeks to answer. They are usually written in formats such as “What is…?” or “How does…?” and serve the purpose of guiding data collection and analysis by pointing to specific inquiries. Research questions are even more specific than objectives, as they operationalize the study’s goals into answerable items. Using the same example, the research questions could include: RQ1: How accessible is the Social Pension Program to senior citizens in Balbalan? RQ2: What impact does the program have on the beneficiaries’ quality of life? RQ3: What challenges hinder the effective implementation of the program?
• Review of Related Literature and Studies
  • Avoid outdated sources (1–2 decades old) for dynamic or evolving concepts.
  • Do not use sources with “no date (n.d.).”
  • Ensure citations are aligned with the arguments and logically linked to the study.
  • There must be a clear synthesis at the end of the RRLS that captures key insights, connects the reviewed works, and justifies the need for the present study.
• Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework
• Research Methodology (Research Design, Population and Sampling, Instrument, Data Collection, Treatment of Data, Ethics in Research)
  • Research Design: Describe what design was used, how it was applied, and why it was the most suited.
  • Population and Sampling and Other Source/s of Data: Provide the exact number of participants/respondents, how and why they were selected. If you used other source/s of data (documents, policies, other contents), describe each document, how each was accessed, and why each is needed in the study. 
  • Instrument/s: State whether the instrument was adopted or researcher-made. Describe its validation process, including the qualifications of validators.
  • Data Collection: Focus on how, when, and where the data was collected. Do not include ethics approval here.
  • Treatment of Data: Clearly describe the methods of data analysis or statistical treatment. For qualitative analysis, avoid generic discussions (e.g., what thematic analysis is according to authors). Instead, show how the method was applied in your study.
  • Ethical Considerations: Include ethical approval, informed consent, and permissions here, not in other subsections.
  • Avoid “chop-suey” writing (mixing unrelated topics).
  • If the study used a mixed-method approach, discuss both parts separately (quantitative and qualitative)—design, participants, instruments, data collection, treatment of data, ethical considerations—and explain how the two sets of data were integrated.
  • Use plural (“researchers”) consistently if the paper has co-authors.
• Results and Discussion
  • Present results clearly, logically, and aligned with the research questions.
  • Support findings with relevant and recent literature.
  • Integrate discussion immediately after each result to enhance coherence.
• Conclusions and Recommendations

The paper should demonstrate importance to the academic community or to research in general. It must offer a material contribution to its discipline and present novel or unique ideas that may be useful to the community. Clearly show the research gap, why there was a need to investigate the present study, and how it is different from previous works.

The manuscript must adhere to the rules of grammar and language usage, whether in English or Filipino.

The introduction must:

This section must include sufficient, relevant, and up-to-date references to support the rationale and conduct of the research.

An appropriate theoretical and/or conceptual framework must be presented to anchor the study.

The methodology section should be well-structured, detailed, and properly organized. Each subsection should only contain content appropriate to it:

Important Reminders:

• Conclusions must be logically drawn from the study’s findings.
• Recommendations should be specific, actionable, and relevant to the results. Avoid generic statements.

• References (APA 7th Edition)

References must strictly adhere to APA 7th edition. Authors must review their entire manuscript carefully:

• Ensure proper formatting (e.g., italicizing journal names, use of “&” vs. “and,” correct application of et al., punctuation, spacing, quotation marks).
• All in-text citations must appear in the References list and vice versa. No mismatches allowed.
• Avoid old references; prioritize recent ones.
• If a citation was included but missing in the References, update it properly (do not erase it without explanation). Similarly, remove unused entries from the References list.
• The paper will not be published if even one citation/reference entry is non-compliant.

APA 7^th requires:

·      All sources listed in the References Section must match 100% with the actual sources used in the entire manuscript, and all sources cited in the entire manuscript are reflected in the list of sources in the References section. 

• Author/s should provide a link to every research article or literature/document, where we can find the journal or document, or best, where we can find the specific research article/document. Must provide the DOI for it, or URL if the journal is not yet DOI accredited, or link to the document. 

·       Arranged alphabetically regardless of classifications (Do not categorize or classify if books, or journals, or other documents. Just arrange alphabetically all sources)

·       Used hanging indent. 

·       Author(s) last name, initials.

·       Year of publication in parentheses.

·       Title of article in sentence case (only first word, proper nouns, and first word after a colon capitalized).

·       Journal titles in italics and title case.

·       Volume numbers italicized; issue numbers in parentheses (not italicized).

·       Page ranges given without extra words.

·       DOI formatted as URL (https://doi.org/...).

·       Retrieval statements are used sparingly (only when content is likely to change).

·       For secondary sources, only the work actually consulted (the secondary source) is included in the References list; the original source cited indirectly (e.g., “as cited in”) must not be listed unless it was directly read by the author.

• Acronyms and Abbreviations

Always define acronyms upon first mention in the manuscript. Do not assume that readers will automatically know them.

Authors are also required to submit a duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, which can be accessed via https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

Editor’s Note (Inaugural Issue)

International Journal of Kapampangan Language, Culture, and Heritage Studies

With great pride and honor, we present the inaugural issue of the International Journal of Kapampangan Language, Culture, and Heritage Studies. This publication embodies ETCOR’s commitment to advancing rigorous, inclusive, and globally relevant scholarship on Kapampangan language, arts, food, and heritage.

Language, artistic expression, and culinary traditions are living archives of a people’s history and worldview. From oral narratives and ritual performances to visual arts and celebrated culinary practices, Kapampangan culture continues to shape identity, creativity, and collective memory across generations.

The journal provides an academic platform for research that bridges linguistics, education, arts, food studies, heritage preservation, discourse, and cultural documentation. It values scholarship that honors community knowledge while engaging global academic conversations.

As a refereed international journal, IJKLCHS upholds the highest standards of academic integrity through double-blind peer review and strict adherence to ethical research and publication practices.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we invite scholars, educators, artists, cultural practitioners, and researchers worldwide to contribute to the sustained growth and global visibility of Kapampangan studies.

— Dr. Reggie O. Cruz, Editor-in-Chief

Editorial Board

International Journal of Kapampangan Language, Culture, and Heritage Studies (IJKLCHS)

Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Reggie O. Cruz Komisyoner sa Wikang Kapampangan, Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino / Professor of Language and Cultural Studies, Bataan Peninsula State University, Balanga City, Philippines

Associate Editor

Dr. Maria Victoria V. Tiquis School Principal IV, Department of Education – Division of San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines

Managing Editor

Dr. Richard D. Sanchez Graduate School Research Professor, John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University (Arevalo), Inc., Iloilo City, Philippines

Section Editors

• Dr. John L. Caballero Jr. – Kapampangan Linguistics and Applied Language Studies • Dr. Rosalina Andaya – Literature, Oral Traditions, and Folklore Studies • Dr. Reynold A. Campo – Cultural Policy, Heritage Governance, and Research Integration • Dr. Sharima R. Morales – Arts, Education, and Cultural Leadership • Dr. Shielilo R. Amihan – Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Community-Based Research • Dr. Meldred Lagon – Media, Communication, and Digital Cultural Studies • Dr. Randy Woo – Global and Comparative Cultural Studies • Dr. Roger Ambida – Food Studies, Gastronomy, and Culinary Heritage

Journal Staff

• Editorial Assistant: Ms. Regina L. Bautista, MA English

• Copy Editor: Dr. Noel B. Ramirez

• Language Editor (English and Filipino): Dr. Margaret E. Collins

• Kapampangan Language Consultant: Mr. Alwin P. David, Kapampangan Cultural Researcher

• Layout and Production Editor: Mr. Vincent A. Navarro

• Plagiarism and Ethics Officer: Dr. Imelda Castro Runas

• Technical and Web Support: ETCOR Publications Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka – Sociolinguistics and Language Preservation, Japan • Dr. Maria L. Gonzales – Indigenous Education and Curriculum Studies, Philippines • Dr. Andrew P. Collins – Cultural Communication and Media Studies, Australia • Dr. Aisha R. El-Sayed – Heritage Documentation and Translation Studies, Egypt • Dr. Thomas A. Keller – Language Policy and Minority Language Rights, Germany • Dr. Priya S. Nair – Applied Linguistics and Multilingual Education, India • Dr. Carlos J. Fernandez – Performance Studies and Cultural Expression, Spain • Dr. Mei-Ling Wu – Multilingualism and Language Assessment, Taiwan • Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Community Heritage and Education Studies, Nigeria • Dr. Olivia M. Brooks – Food Culture and Global Heritage Studies, United States

Global Journal of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Systems (GLOAFFS)

Submit an article: https://tinyurl.com/GLOAFFS 

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesGLOAFFS

Frequency: A Quarterly Peer-Reviewed International Research Journal

Print ISSN: 3116-4412 

Electronic ISSN: 3116-4420

About the Journal

The Global Journal of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Systems (GLOAFFS) is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, international print and online research journal dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in agriculture, fisheries, forestry, agribusiness, food systems, and sustainability sciences. It is published by ETCOR, located in Sta. Ana, Pampanga, Philippines.

GLOAFFS serves as a global platform for agricultural scientists, foresters, fisheries experts, agribusiness researchers, food systems analysts, policymakers, and interdisciplinary scholars to disseminate high-quality empirical, experimental, policy-oriented, and practice-based research that supports sustainable food production, natural resource management, and rural development.

The journal is committed to maintaining rigorous scientific standards, ethical research practices, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and print and electronic ISSN accreditation.

Aims and Scope

Aims

GLOAFFS aims to:

1. Promote high-quality research in agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and food systems
2. Advance sustainable and climate-resilient agricultural and forestry practices
3. Encourage interdisciplinary research linking natural resources, food systems, and agribusiness
4. Provide a venue for global, comparative, and applied agri-food research
5. Support evidence-based policies for food security, sustainability, and rural development

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, policy studies, and applied research papers in, but not limited to, the following areas:

• Crop science and sustainable agriculture
• Animal science and livestock production
• Fisheries, aquaculture, and aquatic resources
• Forestry, agroforestry, and forest management
• Agribusiness, agricultural economics, and value chains
• Food systems, food security, and nutrition
• Climate-smart agriculture and natural resource management
• Soil science, land use, and environmental conservation
• Agricultural technology and innovation
• Interdisciplinary agriculture and food sustainability research

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year)
• Formats: Print and Online
• Review Type: Double-blind peer review
• Identifiers:
  • Print ISSN 
  • Electronic ISSN 
  • Crossref DOI assigned to all published articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/GLOAFFS

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

With regard to research submitted for possible publication, authors must ensure that they follow the journal format, including the template, header, footer, font size and font style. Author/s must download and follow the sample manuscript found via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesG...    Kindly reduce the manuscript to 10-12 pages only, including the References. Kindly choose only the most salient parts of the paper. 

Additionally, kindly comply with the following:

• Academic Significance, Contribution to Discipline or Community, Technical Novelty
• English Usage (or Filipino, as may be applicable)
  • Use past tense consistently since the study is already completed.
  • Avoid first-person point of view (“I,” “we”); instead, maintain a third-person scientific tone.
  • Avoid contractions; spell out complete words to retain formality.
  • Provide English translations for words, terms, or items not understandable to international readers.
• Abstract The abstract should follow the journal’s prescribed format and accurately reflect the study’s major components. Ensure that it correctly presents the aim, methodology, key findings or results, and conclusion in a concise and logical manner.
• Introduction / Background of the Study
  • Present a clear rationale or background from the global to Philippine/local contexts.
  • Show the trends and issues related to the study, supported with recent and relevant citations (2021–2026 preferred).
  • Identify and explain the research gap/s, highlighting why the present study is necessary and how it differs from prior works.
• Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions The Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions must be clearly, explicitly, and logically stated.
  • The statement of the problem is a detailed explanation of the issue, gap, or challenge that the study seeks to address. It frames the context and justifies why the study is necessary, usually written in declarative form as a narrative or paragraph. Its purpose is to highlight the significance, scope, and urgency of the study, providing a broad and contextual background of the issue at hand. For example, a study may state: “Despite government programs, many senior citizens in rural areas experience delays in receiving social pensions, raising concerns about accessibility and efficiency.”
  • The research objectives represent the specific aims or intentions of the study, focusing on what the researcher seeks to accomplish. These are written in infinitive form such as “To determine…” or “To examine…,” ensuring that the targets are clear, measurable, and achievable. Unlike the broad statement of the problem, objectives are narrower and centered on actionable outcomes. For instance, a general objective could be “To assess the implementation of the Social Pension Program in Balbalan, Kalinga.” This may be broken down into specific objectives, such as: (1) To determine the accessibility of the program, (2) To examine its impact on beneficiaries, and (3) To identify challenges faced in its implementation.
  • The research questions are the interrogative form of the objectives, expressed as direct questions the study seeks to answer. They are usually written in formats such as “What is…?” or “How does…?” and serve the purpose of guiding data collection and analysis by pointing to specific inquiries. Research questions are even more specific than objectives, as they operationalize the study’s goals into answerable items. Using the same example, the research questions could include: RQ1: How accessible is the Social Pension Program to senior citizens in Balbalan? RQ2: What impact does the program have on the beneficiaries’ quality of life? RQ3: What challenges hinder the effective implementation of the program?
• Review of Related Literature and Studies
  • Avoid outdated sources (1–2 decades old) for dynamic or evolving concepts.
  • Do not use sources with “no date (n.d.).”
  • Ensure citations are aligned with the arguments and logically linked to the study.
  • There must be a clear synthesis at the end of the RRLS that captures key insights, connects the reviewed works, and justifies the need for the present study.
• Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework
• Research Methodology (Research Design, Population and Sampling, Instrument, Data Collection, Treatment of Data, Ethics in Research)
  • Research Design: Describe what design was used, how it was applied, and why it was the most suited.
  • Population and Sampling and Other Source/s of Data: Provide the exact number of participants/respondents, how and why they were selected. If you used other source/s of data (documents, policies, other contents), describe each document, how each was accessed, and why each is needed in the study. 
  • Instrument/s: State whether the instrument was adopted or researcher-made. Describe its validation process, including the qualifications of validators.
  • Data Collection: Focus on how, when, and where the data was collected. Do not include ethics approval here.
  • Treatment of Data: Clearly describe the methods of data analysis or statistical treatment. For qualitative analysis, avoid generic discussions (e.g., what thematic analysis is according to authors). Instead, show how the method was applied in your study.
  • Ethical Considerations: Include ethical approval, informed consent, and permissions here, not in other subsections.
  • Avoid “chop-suey” writing (mixing unrelated topics).
  • If the study used a mixed-method approach, discuss both parts separately (quantitative and qualitative)—design, participants, instruments, data collection, treatment of data, ethical considerations—and explain how the two sets of data were integrated.
  • Use plural (“researchers”) consistently if the paper has co-authors.
• Results and Discussion
  • Present results clearly, logically, and aligned with the research questions.
  • Support findings with relevant and recent literature.
  • Integrate discussion immediately after each result to enhance coherence.
• Conclusions and Recommendations

The paper should demonstrate importance to the academic community or to research in general. It must offer a material contribution to its discipline and present novel or unique ideas that may be useful to the community. Clearly show the research gap, why there was a need to investigate the present study, and how it is different from previous works.

The manuscript must adhere to the rules of grammar and language usage, whether in English or Filipino.

The introduction must:

This section must include sufficient, relevant, and up-to-date references to support the rationale and conduct of the research.

An appropriate theoretical and/or conceptual framework must be presented to anchor the study.

The methodology section should be well-structured, detailed, and properly organized. Each subsection should only contain content appropriate to it:

Important Reminders:

• Conclusions must be logically drawn from the study’s findings.
• Recommendations should be specific, actionable, and relevant to the results. Avoid generic statements.

• References (APA 7th Edition)

References must strictly adhere to APA 7th edition. Authors must review their entire manuscript carefully:

• Ensure proper formatting (e.g., italicizing journal names, use of “&” vs. “and,” correct application of et al., punctuation, spacing, quotation marks).
• All in-text citations must appear in the References list and vice versa. No mismatches allowed.
• Avoid old references; prioritize recent ones.
• If a citation was included but missing in the References, update it properly (do not erase it without explanation). Similarly, remove unused entries from the References list.
• The paper will not be published if even one citation/reference entry is non-compliant.

APA 7^th requires:

·      All sources listed in the References Section must match 100% with the actual sources used in the entire manuscript, and all sources cited in the entire manuscript are reflected in the list of sources in the References section. 

• Author/s should provide a link to every research article or literature/document, where we can find the journal or document, or best, where we can find the specific research article/document. Must provide the DOI for it, or URL if the journal is not yet DOI accredited, or link to the document. 

·       Arranged alphabetically regardless of classifications (Do not categorize or classify if books, or journals, or other documents. Just arrange alphabetically all sources)

·       Used hanging indent. 

·       Author(s) last name, initials.

·       Year of publication in parentheses.

·       Title of article in sentence case (only first word, proper nouns, and first word after a colon capitalized).

·       Journal titles in italics and title case.

·       Volume numbers italicized; issue numbers in parentheses (not italicized).

·       Page ranges given without extra words.

·       DOI formatted as URL (https://doi.org/...).

·       Retrieval statements are used sparingly (only when content is likely to change).

·       For secondary sources, only the work actually consulted (the secondary source) is included in the References list; the original source cited indirectly (e.g., “as cited in”) must not be listed unless it was directly read by the author.

• Acronyms and Abbreviations

Always define acronyms upon first mention in the manuscript. Do not assume that readers will automatically know them.

Authors are also required to submit a duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, which can be accessed via https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesG...

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

Editor’s Note (Maiden Issue)

Global Journal of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Systems (GLOAFFS)

It is with great pride and enthusiasm that we present the maiden issue of the Global Journal of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Systems (GLOAFFS). This inaugural publication reflects ETCOR’s commitment to advancing rigorous and sustainability-focused research in agriculture and natural resource systems.

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries are central to food security, livelihoods, and environmental stewardship. As global challenges such as climate change, population growth, and resource degradation intensify, evidence-based research becomes essential for resilient and sustainable food systems.

GLOAFFS provides a scholarly platform for research spanning crop and animal production, forestry management, fisheries, agribusiness, and food systems analysis. This maiden issue highlights the diversity of contemporary agri-food research through studies addressing productivity, sustainability, and value chain development.

As a peer-reviewed international journal, GLOAFFS upholds the highest standards of scientific integrity through a double-blind review process, strict adherence to publication ethics, and commitment to methodological rigor.

The journal seeks to bridge science, practice, and policy. Agricultural and food systems research achieves its greatest impact when it informs farmer practices, agribusiness decisions, environmental management, and public policy.

This maiden issue is the result of collaborative efforts among authors, reviewers, editors, and technical specialists who share a dedication to scholarly excellence and responsible resource management.

GLOAFFS is positioned as a global journal that values interdisciplinary and context-sensitive research. By welcoming contributions from researchers worldwide, the journal promotes comparative perspectives and international collaboration.

The journal is also committed to supporting early-career agricultural and environmental researchers. GLOAFFS aims to provide a supportive yet rigorous platform for emerging scholars to engage in global scientific discourse.

As we launch this first issue, we reaffirm our commitment to ethical research, environmental sustainability, and continuous improvement. GLOAFFS will continue to evolve alongside advances in agriculture, forestry, and food systems science.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we extend our sincere gratitude to all who contributed to this maiden issue. We invite agricultural scientists, foresters, fisheries experts, and food systems researchers worldwide to join us in shaping future issues of GLOAFFS.

Dr. Angelyn M. Pangilinan — Editor-in-Chief Global Journal of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Systems (GLOAFFS)

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief

• Dr. Angelyn M. Pangilinan Professor, University of Makati, Taguig City 

Associate Editors

• Dr. Helena T. Morris – Sustainable Agriculture and Crop Science
• Dr. Wei Zhang – Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics
• Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
• Dr. Priya R. Menon – Forestry and Natural Resource Management

Managing Editor

• Ms. Clarissa R. Mendoza

Section Editors

• Dr. Andrew J. Collins – Food Systems and Nutrition
• Dr. Sofia L. Romano – Climate-Smart Agriculture
• Dr. Daniel K. Nguyen – Agroforestry and Environmental Conservation

Journal Staff

• Editorial Assistant: Mr. Joshua L. Navarro
• Copy Editor: Ms. Regina L. Bautista, MA English
• Language Editor: Dr. Margaret E. Collins
• Layout and Production Editor: Mr. Vincent A. Navarro
• Plagiarism and Ethics Officer: Dr. Noel B. Ramirez
• Technical and Web Support: ETCOR Publications Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka – Agricultural Sustainability, Japan
• Dr. Maria L. Gonzales – Crop Science, Philippines
• Dr. Andrew P. Collins – Agribusiness and Food Systems, Australia
• Dr. Aisha R. El-Sayed – Food Security and Nutrition, Egypt
• Dr. Thomas A. Keller – Forestry and Natural Resources, Germany
• Dr. Priya S. Nair – Climate-Smart Agriculture, India
• Dr. Carlos J. Fernandez – Fisheries and Aquaculture, Spain
• Dr. Mei-Ling Wu – Agricultural Technology, Taiwan
• Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Rural Development and Food Policy, Nigeria
• Dr. Olivia M. Brooks – Sustainable Food Systems, United States

International Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Innovation (IJICTAIDI)

Submit an article: https://tinyurl.com/IJICTAIDI 

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesIJICTAIDI 

Frequency: A Quarterly Peer-Reviewed International Research Journal

Print ISSN: 3116-4439 Electronic ISSN: 3116-4447

About the Journal

The International Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Innovation (IJICTAIDI) is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, international print and online research journal dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in information and communication technology (ICT), artificial intelligence (AI), data science, intelligent systems, and digital innovation.

Published by ETCOR, the journal recognizes that digital technologies and AI are transforming governance, education, industry, healthcare, business, security, and society at large. IJICTAIDI provides a scholarly venue for examining both the technical foundations and applied implications of ICT- and AI-driven transformation.

IJICTAIDI serves as a global platform for computer scientists, ICT professionals, AI researchers, data scientists, engineers, technologists, educators, policymakers, and interdisciplinary scholars to disseminate high-quality theoretical, experimental, computational, and applied research that advances digital innovation, ethical AI, and intelligent technological systems.

The journal is committed to maintaining rigorous scholarly and ethical standards, responsible technology research, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and print and electronic ISSN accreditation.

Aims and Scope

Aims

IJICTAIDI aims to:

1. Promote high-quality research in ICT, artificial intelligence, and digital innovation
2. Advance theoretical and applied understanding of intelligent systems and digital technologies
3. Encourage interdisciplinary integration of computing, engineering, education, governance, and industry
4. Provide a venue for global, comparative, and application-driven ICT and AI research
5. Support ethical, inclusive, and sustainable digital transformation

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, design studies, technical reports, and conceptual papers in, but not limited to, the following areas:

• Information and communication technology (ICT) systems
• Artificial intelligence and machine learning
• Data science, big data analytics, and data mining
• Intelligent systems and decision-support technologies
• Computer science and software engineering
• Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems
• Digital transformation and smart technologies
• Human–computer interaction and user-centered design
• Cybersecurity, privacy, and ethical AI
• Educational technologies and AI in learning systems
• ICT applications in governance, health, industry, and society
• Interdisciplinary and applied digital innovation research

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year)
• Formats: Print and Online
• Review Type: Double-blind peer review
• Identifiers:
  • Print ISSN 
  • Electronic ISSN 
  • Crossref DOI assigned to all published articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/IJICTAIDI

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

With regard to research submitted for possible publication, authors must ensure that they follow the journal format, including the template, header, footer, font size and font style. Author/s must download and follow the sample manuscript found via this link: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI... Kindly reduce the manuscript to 10-12 pages only, including the References. Kindly choose only the most salient parts of the paper. 

Additionally, kindly comply with the following:

• Academic Significance, Contribution to Discipline or Community, Technical Novelty
• English Usage (or Filipino, as may be applicable)
  • Use past tense consistently since the study is already completed.
  • Avoid first-person point of view (“I,” “we”); instead, maintain a third-person scientific tone.
  • Avoid contractions; spell out complete words to retain formality.
  • Provide English translations for words, terms, or items not understandable to international readers.
• Abstract The abstract should follow the journal’s prescribed format and accurately reflect the study’s major components. Ensure that it correctly presents the aim, methodology, key findings or results, and conclusion in a concise and logical manner.
• Introduction / Background of the Study
  • Present a clear rationale or background from the global to Philippine/local contexts.
  • Show the trends and issues related to the study, supported with recent and relevant citations (2021–2026 preferred).
  • Identify and explain the research gap/s, highlighting why the present study is necessary and how it differs from prior works.
• Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions The Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives and Research Questions must be clearly, explicitly, and logically stated.
  • The statement of the problem is a detailed explanation of the issue, gap, or challenge that the study seeks to address. It frames the context and justifies why the study is necessary, usually written in declarative form as a narrative or paragraph. Its purpose is to highlight the significance, scope, and urgency of the study, providing a broad and contextual background of the issue at hand. For example, a study may state: “Despite government programs, many senior citizens in rural areas experience delays in receiving social pensions, raising concerns about accessibility and efficiency.”
  • The research objectives represent the specific aims or intentions of the study, focusing on what the researcher seeks to accomplish. These are written in infinitive form such as “To determine…” or “To examine…,” ensuring that the targets are clear, measurable, and achievable. Unlike the broad statement of the problem, objectives are narrower and centered on actionable outcomes. For instance, a general objective could be “To assess the implementation of the Social Pension Program in Balbalan, Kalinga.” This may be broken down into specific objectives, such as: (1) To determine the accessibility of the program, (2) To examine its impact on beneficiaries, and (3) To identify challenges faced in its implementation.
  • The research questions are the interrogative form of the objectives, expressed as direct questions the study seeks to answer. They are usually written in formats such as “What is…?” or “How does…?” and serve the purpose of guiding data collection and analysis by pointing to specific inquiries. Research questions are even more specific than objectives, as they operationalize the study’s goals into answerable items. Using the same example, the research questions could include: RQ1: How accessible is the Social Pension Program to senior citizens in Balbalan? RQ2: What impact does the program have on the beneficiaries’ quality of life? RQ3: What challenges hinder the effective implementation of the program?
• Review of Related Literature and Studies
  • Avoid outdated sources (1–2 decades old) for dynamic or evolving concepts.
  • Do not use sources with “no date (n.d.).”
  • Ensure citations are aligned with the arguments and logically linked to the study.
  • There must be a clear synthesis at the end of the RRLS that captures key insights, connects the reviewed works, and justifies the need for the present study.
• Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework
• Research Methodology (Research Design, Population and Sampling, Instrument, Data Collection, Treatment of Data, Ethics in Research)
  • Research Design: Describe what design was used, how it was applied, and why it was the most suited.
  • Population and Sampling and Other Source/s of Data: Provide the exact number of participants/respondents, how and why they were selected. If you used other source/s of data (documents, policies, other contents), describe each document, how each was accessed, and why each is needed in the study. 
  • Instrument/s: State whether the instrument was adopted or researcher-made. Describe its validation process, including the qualifications of validators.
  • Data Collection: Focus on how, when, and where the data was collected. Do not include ethics approval here.
  • Treatment of Data: Clearly describe the methods of data analysis or statistical treatment. For qualitative analysis, avoid generic discussions (e.g., what thematic analysis is according to authors). Instead, show how the method was applied in your study.
  • Ethical Considerations: Include ethical approval, informed consent, and permissions here, not in other subsections.
  • Avoid “chop-suey” writing (mixing unrelated topics).
  • If the study used a mixed-method approach, discuss both parts separately (quantitative and qualitative)—design, participants, instruments, data collection, treatment of data, ethical considerations—and explain how the two sets of data were integrated.
  • Use plural (“researchers”) consistently if the paper has co-authors.
• Results and Discussion
  • Present results clearly, logically, and aligned with the research questions.
  • Support findings with relevant and recent literature.
  • Integrate discussion immediately after each result to enhance coherence.
• Conclusions and Recommendations

The paper should demonstrate importance to the academic community or to research in general. It must offer a material contribution to its discipline and present novel or unique ideas that may be useful to the community. Clearly show the research gap, why there was a need to investigate the present study, and how it is different from previous works.

The manuscript must adhere to the rules of grammar and language usage, whether in English or Filipino.

The introduction must:

This section must include sufficient, relevant, and up-to-date references to support the rationale and conduct of the research.

An appropriate theoretical and/or conceptual framework must be presented to anchor the study.

The methodology section should be well-structured, detailed, and properly organized. Each subsection should only contain content appropriate to it:

Important Reminders:

• Conclusions must be logically drawn from the study’s findings.
• Recommendations should be specific, actionable, and relevant to the results. Avoid generic statements.

• References (APA 7th Edition)

References must strictly adhere to APA 7th edition. Authors must review their entire manuscript carefully:

• Ensure proper formatting (e.g., italicizing journal names, use of “&” vs. “and,” correct application of et al., punctuation, spacing, quotation marks).
• All in-text citations must appear in the References list and vice versa. No mismatches allowed.
• Avoid old references; prioritize recent ones.
• If a citation was included but missing in the References, update it properly (do not erase it without explanation). Similarly, remove unused entries from the References list.
• The paper will not be published if even one citation/reference entry is non-compliant.

APA 7^th requires:

·      All sources listed in the References Section must match 100% with the actual sources used in the entire manuscript, and all sources cited in the entire manuscript are reflected in the list of sources in the References section. 

• Author/s should provide a link to every research article or literature/document, where we can find the journal or document, or best, where we can find the specific research article/document. Must provide the DOI for it, or URL if the journal is not yet DOI accredited, or link to the document. 

·       Arranged alphabetically regardless of classifications (Do not categorize or classify if books, or journals, or other documents. Just arrange alphabetically all sources)

·       Used hanging indent. 

·       Author(s) last name, initials.

·       Year of publication in parentheses.

·       Title of article in sentence case (only first word, proper nouns, and first word after a colon capitalized).

·       Journal titles in italics and title case.

·       Volume numbers italicized; issue numbers in parentheses (not italicized).

·       Page ranges given without extra words.

·       DOI formatted as URL (https://doi.org/...).

·       Retrieval statements are used sparingly (only when content is likely to change).

·       For secondary sources, only the work actually consulted (the secondary source) is included in the References list; the original source cited indirectly (e.g., “as cited in”) must not be listed unless it was directly read by the author.

• Acronyms and Abbreviations

Always define acronyms upon first mention in the manuscript. Do not assume that readers will automatically know them.

Authors are also required to submit a duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, which can be accessed through https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesI...

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

Editor’s Note (Maiden Issue)

International Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Innovation (IJICTAIDI)

It is with great pride and enthusiasm that we present the maiden issue of the International Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Innovation (IJICTAIDI). This inaugural publication reflects ETCOR’s commitment to advancing rigorous, ethical, and future-oriented research in ICT and artificial intelligence.

Digital technologies and AI are reshaping how societies communicate, learn, govern, and innovate. From intelligent systems to data-driven decision-making, ICT and AI now occupy a central role in global development.

IJICTAIDI provides a scholarly platform for research that advances both the technical foundations and applied dimensions of digital innovation. The journal values work that integrates theory, computation, design, and real-world application.

As a peer-reviewed international journal, IJICTAIDI upholds the highest standards of academic integrity through a double-blind review process and strict adherence to ethical research and publication practices.

The journal seeks to bridge research and practice. ICT and AI research achieves its greatest impact when it informs system design, policy development, education, and responsible technological deployment.

This maiden issue is the result of collaborative efforts among authors, reviewers, editors, and technology scholars committed to scholarly excellence and responsible digital transformation.

IJICTAIDI is positioned as a global journal that values interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral, and international perspectives in ICT and AI research.

The journal is also committed to supporting early-career researchers, innovators, and practitioner-scholars in computing and digital technologies.

As we launch this first issue, we reaffirm our commitment to ethical publishing, transparency, and continuous improvement in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we invite ICT professionals, AI researchers, and interdisciplinary scholars worldwide to join us in shaping future issues of IJICTAIDI.

Dr. Richard D. Sanchez — Editor-in-Chief

Editorial Board

International Journal of Information and Communication Technology, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Innovation (IJICTAIDI)

Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Richard D. Sanchez

Associate Editor

Dr. Clarisse M. Villanueva

Managing Editor

Dr. Leonard T. Ramos

Section Editors

• Dr. Michael J. Anderson – Information and Communication Technology Systems • Dr. Aiko S. Tanaka – Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning • Dr. Rafael G. Cruz – Data Science, Big Data Analytics, and Data Mining • Dr. Helena V. Schmidt – Cybersecurity, Privacy, and Ethical AI • Dr. Omar K. Al-Farouqi – Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Systems • Dr. Patricia L. Gomez – Human–Computer Interaction and User-Centered Design • Dr. Vincent D. Lee – Software Engineering and Intelligent Systems • Dr. Sofia R. Dimitrov – Digital Transformation and Industry 4.0 Technologies

Journal Staff

• Editorial Assistant: Ms. Angela Marie P. Santos

• Copy Editor: Mr. Daniel C. Wu, MA Technical Communication

• Language Editor: Dr. Eleanor J. Matthews

• Layout and Production Editor: Mr. Carlo B. Hernandez

• Plagiarism and Ethics Officer: Dr. Nathaniel R. Coleman

• Technical and Web Support: ETCOR Publications and Digital Systems Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Hiroshi K. Yamamoto – Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Japan • Dr. Laura M. Bennett – Data Science and Computational Analytics, United Kingdom • Dr. Ahmed S. El-Masry – Cybersecurity and Information Assurance, Egypt • Dr. Priya R. Nair – Machine Learning and Intelligent Systems, India • Dr. Carlos E. Fernandez – Software Engineering and Systems Architecture, Spain • Dr. Mei-Ling Zhou – Human–Computer Interaction and UX Research, Taiwan • Dr. Samuel T. Okonkwo – ICT for Development and Digital Governance, Nigeria • Dr. Olivia J. Brooks – Educational Technology and AI in Learning Systems, United States • Dr. Lukas H. Schneider – Smart Technologies and Industry 4.0, Germany • Dr. Isabella M. Rossi – Digital Innovation and Technology Policy, Italy

International Journal of Governance, Public Policy, Internationalization, and Global Affairs (INGOPIGA)

Submit an article: https://tinyurl.com/INGOPIGA 

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesINGOPIGA

Frequency: A Quarterly Peer-Reviewed International Research Journal

Publisher: ETCOR Educational Research Center Research Consultancy Services, Sta. Ana, Pampanga, Philippines

Print ISSN: 3116-4919 

Electronic ISSN: 3116-4927

About the Journal

The International Journal of Governance, Public Policy, Internationalization, and Global Affairs (INGOPIGA) is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, international print and online research journal dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in governance systems, public and educational policy, internationalization processes, and global affairs.

The journal recognizes that governance and policy-making increasingly unfold within interconnected national, regional, and global contexts shaped by international mobility, transnational collaboration, and cross-border policy convergence.

INGOPIGA serves as a global platform for policy scholars, public administrators, government practitioners, educators, diplomats, international relations experts, development professionals, and interdisciplinary researchers to disseminate high-quality empirical, theoretical, and policy-oriented research that informs governance reform, public sector innovation, internationalization strategies, and global cooperation.

The journal is committed to maintaining rigorous scholarly standards, ethical research practices, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and print and electronic ISSN accreditation.

Aims and Scope

Aims

INGOPIGA aims to:

1. Promote high-quality research in governance, public policy, internationalization, and global affairs
2. Advance theoretical and empirical understanding of governance systems in international and comparative contexts
3. Encourage interdisciplinary and cross-national research on public, educational, and international policy
4. Provide a venue for policy-relevant, evidence-based, and reform-oriented scholarship
5. Support research that informs democratic governance, institutional internationalization, and sustainable global development

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, systematic reviews, policy analyses, comparative studies, and conceptual papers in, but not limited to, the following areas:

• Public administration and public sector management
• Governance, accountability, and institutional reform
• Public policy analysis, evaluation, and policy transfer
• Educational policy, governance, and internationalization of education
• International relations and global affairs
• Diplomacy, foreign policy, and global governance
• Development policy and international cooperation
• Regional integration, globalization, and international organizations
• Security studies, peace governance, and multilateral institutions
• Interdisciplinary governance, internationalization, and global policy research

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year)
• Formats: Print and Online
• Review Type: Double-blind peer review
• Identifiers:
  • Print ISSN 
  • Electronic ISSN
  • Crossref DOI assigned to all published articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/INGOPIGA 

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

With regard to research submitted for possible publication, authors must ensure that they follow the journal format, including the template, header, footer, font size and font style. Author/s must download and follow the sample manuscript via Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesINGOPIGA Kindly reduce the manuscript to 10-12 pages only, including the References. Kindly choose only the most salient parts of the paper. 

Additional Requirements for Manuscript Revision

Please carefully comply with the following requirements before resubmission.

1. Academic Significance, Policy Relevance, and Governance Contribution

The manuscript must demonstrate clear academic significance and policy relevance to the fields of:

• Governance and public administration
• Public policy analysis and evaluation
• Internationalization of institutions and policy systems
• International relations and global governance
• Development policy and international cooperation

Specifically, the study must:

• Contribute new insights into governance systems, public policy processes, or global policy dynamics • Demonstrate how the study informs policy reform, governance innovation, or institutional development • Clearly identify the research gap within governance or policy scholarship • Show how findings may inform government decision-making, international cooperation, institutional reform, or development policy

Studies that merely describe governance conditions without analytical depth, theoretical grounding, or policy implications may not proceed to the next stage of review.

2. English Usage

The manuscript must adhere to international academic English standards appropriate for scholarly publication.

Authors must ensure the following:

• As applicable, particularly in the Method section, use past tense consistently since the research has already been completed • Avoid first-person pronouns (“I,” “we”) and maintain a formal third-person scholarly tone • Avoid contractions (e.g., use do not instead of don’t) • Clearly define governance, policy, or institutional concepts used in the study • Provide explanations for local policies, programs, or institutions so that international readers can understand them

3. Abstract

The abstract must concisely summarize the entire study.

It must clearly present the following subsections:

• Aim - The purpose of the study and its relevance to governance or policy research • Methodology - The research design and methodology • Results - The major findings or results • Conclusion - The policy or governance implications of the study

The abstract must clearly demonstrate the policy relevance and scholarly contribution of the research.

4. Introduction / Background of the Study

The introduction must establish the importance of the research problem within governance, policy, or global affairs studies.

It must:

• Present the global, regional, national, and/or local context of the issue • Discuss governance challenges, policy developments, or institutional trends related to the study • Support arguments with recent scholarly literature (preferably 2021–2026) • Clearly identify the research gap

The introduction must demonstrate how the study contributes to governance reform, policy analysis, or global governance research.

5. Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives, and Research Questions

These sections must clearly define the governance or policy issue examined by the research.

Statement of the Problem

This section should explain the governance or policy challenge addressed by the research.

Example:

“Despite decentralization reforms, many local government units continue to face challenges in ensuring meaningful citizen participation in governance processes due to institutional constraints and limited participatory mechanisms.”

Research Objectives

Objectives must be written in infinitive form.

Example:

General Objective To examine the effectiveness of local governance initiatives in strengthening community participation in municipal decision-making.

Specific Objectives:

1. To assess the level of community participation in local governance processes
2. To examine institutional mechanisms supporting participatory governance
3. To propose governance reforms that strengthen citizen engagement in policy processes

Research Questions

Research questions must be written in interrogative form and must correspond to the objectives.

6. Review of Related Literature and Studies

This section must include recent and relevant scholarship related to governance, public administration, international policy, or global affairs.

Ensure that:

• Sources are recent (preferably 2021–2026) • Literature reflects developments in governance theory, public policy, or international relations • Citations logically support the arguments presented • The section concludes with a clear synthesis identifying the research gap

Avoid:

• Very old references unless historically necessary • Sources labeled no date (n.d.)

7. Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework

The study must be anchored in an appropriate theoretical framework relevant to governance or policy research.

Possible frameworks include:

• Governance and public administration theories • Public policy analysis models • Institutional theory • Political economy • Global governance theory • International relations theory • Policy transfer and policy diffusion frameworks • Development governance theories

The conceptual framework must clearly show the relationships among variables or policy mechanisms examined in the study.

8. Research Methodology

The methodology section must clearly explain how the research was conducted.

Include the following subsections:

Research Design

Explain the design used and justify why it is appropriate for governance or policy research.

Population and Sampling / Sources of Data

Participants or sources may include:

• Government officials • Public administrators • Policy implementers • Community leaders • Diplomats or international policy actors • Development practitioners • Public records and policy documents • Institutional reports

Clearly indicate how respondents or data sources were selected.

Instruments

Explain whether instruments were adopted, adapted, or researcher-developed, including the validation process.

Data Collection

Explain how, when, and where data were collected.

Treatment of Data

Describe the statistical or qualitative analysis techniques used.

Ethical Considerations

Include:

• Ethical approval (if applicable) • Informed consent from participants • Confidentiality and anonymity of respondents • Institutional permissions

9. Results and Discussion

Results must be presented clearly according to the research questions.

The discussion must:

• Interpret findings using governance theories, policy frameworks, or international governance literature • Compare results with recent scholarly studies • Explain implications for governance reform, policy design, institutional development, or international cooperation

Results and discussion must be integrated.

10. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations

Conclusions must be derived directly from the findings.

They must highlight contributions to:

• Governance research • Public policy scholarship • Institutional reform • Global governance studies

Recommendations must be specific and policy-oriented, directed toward:

• Government agencies • Policymakers • Local government units • International organizations • Development institutions • Academic researchers

Avoid vague or generic recommendations.

11. References (APA 7th Edition)

All references must strictly follow APA 7th edition formatting.

Ensure:

• All in-text citations appear in the References list and vice versa • Journal titles are italicized • Volume numbers are italicized • DOI numbers are written as URLs • References are arranged alphabetically • Hanging indentation is used

Failure to comply with APA formatting standards may delay the review process.

12. Acronyms and Abbreviations

All acronyms must be spelled out upon first use.

Example:

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Local Government Unit (LGU) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Do not assume international readers are familiar with local acronyms.

Authors are also required to submit a duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, which can be accessed through: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesINGOPIGA

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

Editor’s Note (Maiden Issue)

International Journal of Governance, Public Policy, Internationalization, and Global Affairs (INGOPIGA)

It is with great pride and enthusiasm that we present the maiden issue of the International Journal of Governance, Public Policy, Internationalization, and Global Affairs (INGOPIGA). This inaugural publication reflects ETCOR’s commitment to advancing rigorous, policy-relevant, and globally engaged research.

Governance and public policy today operate within an environment shaped by globalization, internationalization, and cross-border collaboration. Decisions made at local and national levels are increasingly influenced by international norms, global agreements, and transnational policy networks.

INGOPIGA provides a scholarly platform for research examining public administration, educational governance, policy processes, and international relations, with particular emphasis on how internationalization reshapes institutions, policies, and governance practices.

As a peer-reviewed international journal, INGOPIGA upholds the highest standards of academic integrity through a double-blind review process, strict adherence to publication ethics, and commitment to methodological rigor.

The journal seeks to bridge research and practice. Governance and policy research achieves its greatest impact when scholarly insights inform public sector reform, international cooperation, and evidence-based policymaking.

This maiden issue represents the collaborative efforts of authors, reviewers, editors, and policy scholars who share a dedication to scholarly excellence and responsible governance research.

INGOPIGA is positioned as a global journal that values comparative, interdisciplinary, and cross-national perspectives, reflecting the realities of governance in an interconnected world.

The journal is also committed to supporting early-career policy scholars and practitioner-researchers engaged in governance, internationalization, and global affairs research.

As we launch this first issue, we reaffirm our commitment to ethical publishing, transparency, and continuous improvement. INGOPIGA will continue to evolve alongside developments in governance theory, public policy, and international relations.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we invite policymakers, scholars, educators, and international affairs experts worldwide to join us in shaping future issues of the International Journal of Governance, Public Policy, Internationalization, and Global Affairs (INGOPIGA).

— Dr. Richard D. Sanchez, Editor-in-Chief

Editorial Board

International Journal of Governance, Public Policy, Internationalization, and Global Affairs (INGOPIGA)

Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Richard D. Sanchez

Associate Editor

Dr. Felicity M. Navarro

Managing Editor

Dr. Adrian L. Bautista

Section Editors

• Dr. Jonathan P. Whitaker – Public Administration and Governance Systems • Dr. Laila K. Mahmoud – Public Policy Analysis and Institutional Reform • Dr. Ernesto V. Delgado – Educational Governance and Internationalization of Education • Dr. Katarina M. Petrovic – Global Affairs and International Relations • Dr. Daniel R. Hoffman – Diplomacy, Foreign Policy, and International Cooperation • Dr. Fatima A. Rahman – Development Policy and Sustainable Governance • Dr. Victor H. Laurent – Comparative Governance and Policy Transfer • Dr. Gabriela S. Monteiro – Regional Integration and Global Institutions

Journal Staff

Editorial Assistant: Ms. Lorraine C. Dizon

Copy Editor: Mr. Samuel P. Ortega

Language Editor: Dr. Beatrice L. Whitmore

Layout and Production Editor: Mr. Nathaniel C. Reyes

Plagiarism and Ethics Officer: Dr. Eduardo F. Valdez

Technical and Web Support: ETCOR Publications and Digital Systems Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Andreas K. Muller – Comparative Public Policy, Germany • Dr. Michelle T. Carter – Public Administration and Governance Reform, United States • Dr. Rajiv S. Menon – International Relations and Diplomacy, India • Dr. Abdulrahman H. Al-Khalifa – Global Governance and Development Policy, Qatar • Dr. Teresa M. Alvarez – Policy Evaluation and Social Development Programs, Spain • Dr. Seung-Hyun Park – Government Innovation and Digital Governance, South Korea • Dr. Daniel O. Adeyemi – Public Sector Management and Institutional Accountability, Nigeria • Dr. Valeria R. Conti – European Governance and Regional Integration, Italy • Dr. Lucas P. Moreau – International Cooperation and Multilateral Institutions, France • Dr. Marissa K. Thompson – Educational Policy and Global Higher Education Systems, Canada

 Global Journal of Humanities, Culture, and Interdisciplinary Studies (GLOHUCIS)

Submit an article: https://tinyurl.com/GLOHUCIS 

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesGLOHUCIS

Frequency: A Quarterly Peer-Reviewed International Research Journal

Print ISSN: 3116-4935 

Electronic ISSN: 3116-4943

About the Journal

The Global Journal of Humanities, Culture, and Interdisciplinary Studies (GLOHUCIS) is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, international print and online research journal dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in humanities, philosophy, culture, literature, arts, ethics, and interdisciplinary inquiry.

GLOHUCIS serves as a global platform for humanities scholars, cultural researchers, philosophers, artists, ethicists, and interdisciplinary academics to disseminate high-quality theoretical, interpretive, critical, and practice-based studies that deepen understanding of human experience, meaning-making, and cultural expressions across societies.

The journal is committed to maintaining rigorous scholarly standards, ethical research practices, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and print and electronic ISSN accreditation.

Aims and Scope

Aims

GLOHUCIS aims to:

1. Promote critical, theoretical, and interpretive research in the humanities
2. Advance philosophical, ethical, cultural, and artistic scholarship across disciplines
3. Provide a venue for global, comparative, and cross-cultural humanities studies
4. Encourage interdisciplinary dialogue across humanities, social sciences, and applied fields
5. Support scholarly reflection on human values, identity, creativity, and cultural transformation

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, critical essays, systematic reviews, conceptual papers, and interdisciplinary studies in, but not limited to, the following areas:

• Philosophy and ethics
• Cultural studies and cultural heritage
• Literature, linguistics, and literary criticism
• Visual arts, performing arts, and creative studies
• History, historiography, and memory studies
• Religious studies and spirituality
• Media, communication, and cultural representation
• Gender, identity, and postcolonial studies
• Indigenous knowledge systems and cultural narratives
• Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary humanities research

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year)
• Formats: Print and Online
• Review Type: Double-blind peer review
• Identifiers:
  • Print ISSN (to be registered)
  • Electronic ISSN (to be registered)
  • Crossref DOI assigned to all published articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/GLOHUCIS 

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

With regard to research submitted for possible publication, authors must ensure that they follow the journal format, including the template, header, footer, font size and font style. Author/s must download and follow the sample manuscript found via Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesGLOHUCIS Kindly reduce the manuscript to 10-12 pages only, including the References. Kindly choose only the most salient parts of the paper. 

Additional Requirements for Manuscript Revision

Please carefully comply with the following requirements before resubmission.

1. Academic Significance, Contribution to Humanities Scholarship, and Interdisciplinary Value

The manuscript must demonstrate clear academic significance and contribution to humanities scholarship.

The study must be relevant to fields such as:

• Philosophy and ethics • Cultural studies and cultural heritage • Literature, linguistics, and literary criticism • Visual arts and performing arts • History and historiography • Religious studies and spirituality • Media, communication, and cultural representation • Gender and identity studies • Indigenous knowledge systems and cultural narratives • Interdisciplinary humanities research

Specifically, the manuscript must:

• Demonstrate theoretical, interpretive, or critical contribution to humanities scholarship • Clearly identify the research gap in existing literature • Show how the study deepens understanding of human culture, identity, ethics, artistic expression, or historical interpretation • Contribute to interdisciplinary dialogue across humanities and related fields

Studies that merely describe cultural phenomena without critical analysis, theoretical grounding, or scholarly contribution may not proceed to the next stage of review.

2. English Usage (or Filipino, if applicable)

The manuscript must adhere to international academic language standards.

Ensure the following:

• Use past tense consistently, particularly in the Method section • Avoid first-person pronouns (“I,” “we”) and maintain a formal third-person scholarly tone • Avoid contractions (use do not, cannot, will not) • Provide English translations for words or expressions not commonly understood internationally • Clearly explain cultural, historical, or philosophical concepts unfamiliar to global readers

3. Abstract

The abstract must concisely summarize the entire study.

It must clearly present the following components:

• Aim – The purpose of the study and its relevance to humanities scholarship • Methodology – The research design or analytical approach • Results – Major findings or insights • Conclusion – Contributions to humanities scholarship, culture studies, or interdisciplinary inquiry

The abstract must clearly reflect the intellectual contribution of the research.

4. Introduction / Background of the Study

The introduction must establish the importance of the research problem within humanities scholarship.

It must:

• Present the global, regional, national, or cultural context of the topic • Discuss relevant philosophical, cultural, historical, or literary issues • Support arguments using recent scholarly sources (preferably 2021–2026) • Clearly identify the research gap

The introduction must demonstrate how the study contributes to humanities knowledge, cultural understanding, or interdisciplinary research.

5. Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives, and Research Questions

These sections must clearly define the intellectual or cultural issue examined by the study.

Statement of the Problem

The problem statement should explain the humanistic, cultural, ethical, or philosophical issue addressed by the research.

Example:

“Despite growing global attention to cultural heritage preservation, many indigenous narratives remain underrepresented in mainstream historical discourse, resulting in limited recognition of indigenous knowledge systems.”

Research Objectives

Objectives must be written in infinitive form.

Example:

General Objective To examine how indigenous narratives contribute to contemporary cultural identity formation.

Specific Objectives:

1. To analyze the representation of indigenous narratives in contemporary cultural discourse
2. To examine the role of oral traditions in preserving historical memory
3. To explore the implications of indigenous storytelling for cultural identity

Research Questions

Research questions must be written in interrogative form and must correspond to the objectives.

6. Review of Related Literature and Studies

This section must include recent and relevant scholarship in the humanities.

Ensure that:

• Sources are recent (preferably 2021–2026) • Literature reflects developments in humanities theory, cultural studies, philosophy, or arts research • Citations logically support the arguments presented • The section ends with a clear synthesis identifying the research gap

Avoid:

• Excessively outdated references • Sources labeled no date (n.d.)

7. Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework

The study must be anchored in an appropriate theoretical framework.

Possible frameworks include:

• Philosophical theory • Cultural theory • Literary theory • Hermeneutics • Critical theory • Postcolonial theory • Feminist theory • Cultural memory theory • Semiotics • Interdisciplinary humanities frameworks

The conceptual framework must clearly illustrate the relationships among key concepts or analytical categories examined in the study.

8. Research Methodology

The methodology section must clearly explain how the research was conducted.

Include the following subsections:

Research Design

Explain the research design used and justify why it is appropriate for humanities or interdisciplinary research.

Examples include:

• Textual analysis • Hermeneutic analysis • Critical discourse analysis • Historical analysis • Ethnographic research • Narrative inquiry • Artistic or practice-based research

Sources of Data / Participants

Possible sources include:

• Literary texts • Cultural artifacts • Historical documents • Media representations • Interviews with artists or cultural practitioners • Archival materials

Clearly explain how and why these sources were selected.

Instruments / Analytical Tools

Explain analytical tools or frameworks used for interpretation.

Data Collection

Explain how and where materials, texts, or cultural data were gathered.

Treatment of Data

Describe how the data were analyzed.

For qualitative research, explain how themes, interpretations, or analytical categories were derived.

Ethical Considerations

Include:

• Permissions for cultural materials or archives • Respect for cultural sensitivity • Informed consent (if interviews were conducted)

9. Results and Discussion

Results must be presented clearly according to the research questions or analytical themes.

The discussion must:

• Interpret findings using relevant humanities theories or interpretive frameworks • Compare insights with existing scholarly literature • Explain implications for cultural understanding, philosophical inquiry, or interdisciplinary scholarship

Results and discussion must be integrated.

10. Conclusions and Scholarly Implications

Conclusions must be derived directly from the findings.

They must highlight contributions to:

• Humanities scholarship • Cultural understanding • Philosophical inquiry • Interdisciplinary research

Recommendations may address:

• Future humanities research • Cultural preservation initiatives • Educational and cultural institutions • Interdisciplinary collaborations

Avoid vague or generic recommendations.

11. References (APA 7th Edition)

All references must strictly follow APA 7th edition formatting.

Ensure that:

• All in-text citations appear in the References list and vice versa • Journal titles are italicized • Volume numbers are italicized • DOI numbers are written as URLs • References are arranged alphabetically • Hanging indentation is used

Failure to comply with APA formatting standards may delay the review process.

12. Acronyms and Abbreviations

All acronyms must be spelled out upon first use.

Example:

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

Do not assume that readers are familiar with local or specialized acronyms.

Authors are also required to submit a duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, which can be accessed through Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesGLOHUCIS

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

Editor’s Note (Maiden Issue)

Global Journal of Humanities, Culture, and Interdisciplinary Studies (GLOHUCIS)

It is with great honor and enthusiasm that we present the maiden issue of the Global Journal of Humanities, Culture, and Interdisciplinary Studies (GLOHUCIS). This inaugural issue marks ETCOR Educational Research Center’s sustained commitment to advancing humanities scholarship that deepens our understanding of human thought, creativity, culture, and values across diverse societies.

The humanities play a vital role in interpreting the complexities of human experience. In a rapidly changing world shaped by technological, political, and cultural transformations, humanities research provides critical perspectives that help societies reflect, question, and make meaning. GLOHUCIS was established to serve as a scholarly space where such reflective and critical inquiry can thrive.

GLOHUCIS welcomes philosophical inquiry, literary analysis, cultural critique, artistic research, and interdisciplinary studies that explore the human condition. This maiden issue reflects the richness of humanities scholarship through works that engage with culture, ethics, identity, historical narratives, and creative expression.

As a peer-reviewed international journal, GLOHUCIS upholds rigorous academic standards through a double-blind review process, strict adherence to publication ethics, and respect for intellectual originality. Each published article is evaluated for its scholarly depth, theoretical contribution, and relevance to contemporary humanities discourse.

The journal seeks to bridge disciplinary boundaries by encouraging interdisciplinary dialogue between the humanities, social sciences, education, and other fields. GLOHUCIS recognizes that many of today’s most pressing questions—concerning identity, ethics, culture, and meaning—require integrative and cross-disciplinary approaches.

This maiden issue is the result of the collective efforts of authors, reviewers, editors, and language specialists who share a commitment to scholarly excellence. Their dedication has enabled the journal to meet international publishing standards while remaining inclusive of diverse intellectual traditions and cultural perspectives.

GLOHUCIS is intentionally positioned as a global journal. By welcoming contributions from scholars across different regions, cultures, and intellectual traditions, the journal promotes comparative and cross-cultural perspectives that enrich humanities scholarship and foster global academic dialogue.

The journal is also committed to supporting emerging scholars, independent researchers, and creative practitioners. GLOHUCIS aims to provide a supportive yet rigorous platform where new voices can engage with established scholars and contribute meaningfully to global humanities conversations.

As we launch this first issue, we reaffirm our dedication to ethical publishing, transparency, and continuous improvement. GLOHUCIS will continue to evolve alongside developments in humanities research, ensuring its relevance and scholarly integrity in the years ahead.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we extend our sincere gratitude to all who contributed to this maiden issue. We invite humanities scholars, cultural researchers, and interdisciplinary thinkers worldwide to join us in shaping future issues of GLOHUCIS as we collectively advance critical inquiry, cultural understanding, and humanistic scholarship.

Dr. Richard D. Sanchez — Editor-in-Chief Global Journal of Humanities, Culture, and Interdisciplinary Studies (GLOHUCIS)

Editorial Board

Global Journal of Humanities, Culture, and Interdisciplinary Studies (GLOHUCIS)

Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Richard D. Sanchez

Associate Editor

Dr. Clarissa V. Montemayor

Managing Editor

Dr. Benedict L. Salonga

Section Editors

• Dr. Emilia R. Navarro – Philosophy and Ethics • Dr. Rafael D. Ortega – Cultural Studies and Cultural Heritage • Dr. Margaret A. Whitfield – Literature, Linguistics, and Literary Criticism • Dr. Tomasz K. Wroblewski – History, Historiography, and Memory Studies • Dr. Fatimah N. Al-Hassan – Religious Studies and Spirituality • Dr. Leonardo S. Carvajal – Visual Arts, Performing Arts, and Creative Studies • Dr. Olivia M. Duarte – Media, Communication, and Cultural Representation • Dr. Natalia P. Kuznetsova – Gender, Identity, and Postcolonial Studies • Dr. Ramon C. Villareal – Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Cultural Narratives • Dr. Hiroshi T. Yamamoto – Interdisciplinary Humanities Research

Journal Staff

Editorial Assistant: Ms. Angela P. Dominguez

Copy Editor: Mr. Theodore J. Collins

Language Editor: Dr. Eleanor S. Hartwell

Layout and Production Editor: Mr. Dominic L. Reyes

Plagiarism and Ethics Officer: Dr. Paolo G. Manansala

Technical and Web Support: ETCOR Publications and Digital Systems Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Sofia L. Márquez – Cultural Anthropology and Heritage Studies, Spain • Dr. Andrew T. Bennett – Comparative Literature and Humanities Research, United Kingdom • Dr. Layla M. Al-Rashid – Philosophy and Ethics, United Arab Emirates • Dr. Emmanuel K. Nwankwo – African Cultural Studies and Identity Research, Nigeria • Dr. Giulia F. Romano – Art History and Visual Culture, Italy • Dr. Philippe D. Laurent – Media, Culture, and Communication Studies, France • Dr. Sun-Young Choi – Cultural Globalization and Interdisciplinary Humanities, South Korea • Dr. Aniruddha P. Banerjee – Philosophy, Religion, and Cultural Dialogue, India • Dr. Catalina R. Alvarez – Gender Studies and Cultural Representation, Mexico • Dr. Douglas K. Whitman – Literature and Humanities Education, Canada

International Journal of Theology, Religion, and Values Education (IJTRAVE)

Submit an article: https://tinyurl.com/IJTRAVE

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesIJTRAVE 

Frequency: A Quarterly Peer-Reviewed International Research Journal

Print ISSN: 3116-4951 

Electronic ISSN: 3116-496X

About the Journal

The International Journal of Theology, Religion, and Values Education (IJTRAVE) is a peer-reviewed international scholarly journal dedicated to advancing research and critical discourse in theology, religious studies, spirituality, ethics, and values education. The journal provides a global platform for theologians, religious scholars, educators, philosophers, and interdisciplinary researchers to publish rigorous academic studies exploring faith traditions, moral formation, and the role of religion and values in contemporary societies.

IJTRAVE seeks to promote scholarly inquiry that deepens understanding of theological thought, religious traditions, ethical reflection, and values-based education across cultures and communities. The journal encourages both theoretical and applied research that examines how religion and values influence individual character formation, educational systems, social institutions, and global ethical dialogue.

The journal is committed to maintaining high standards of academic integrity through double-blind peer review, ethical research practices, and international scholarly collaboration. Each article is assigned a Crossref DOI and published in both print and electronic formats to ensure accessibility and global visibility.

Aims and Scope

Aims

The International Journal of Theology, Religion, and Values Education aims to:

1. Promote rigorous academic scholarship in theology, religious studies, and values education.
2. Advance interdisciplinary dialogue among theologians, philosophers, educators, and social scientists.
3. Explore the role of religion and spiritual traditions in shaping ethical values and moral formation.
4. Provide a scholarly venue for research on religious education and character development.
5. Encourage global and comparative studies of faith traditions and ethical systems.

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, conceptual papers, systematic reviews, theological reflections, and interdisciplinary studies in, but not limited to, the following areas:

Theology and Religious Studies

• Systematic and philosophical theology
• Biblical and scriptural studies
• Historical theology and church history
• Comparative religion and interfaith dialogue
• Contextual and indigenous theology
• Religion and society

Ethics and Spirituality

• Moral theology and ethical philosophy
• Spiritual formation and faith development
• Religion and contemporary ethical issues
• Religion and human dignity
• Faith and social justice

Religious and Values Education

• Religious education and catechetics
• Character and values formation in education
• Moral education and ethical leadership
• Faith-based educational approaches
• Curriculum and pedagogy in religious education

Religion, Culture, and Society

• Religion and culture
• Religion and public life
• Religion, globalization, and identity
• Religion and peacebuilding
• Religion and community development

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year)
• Formats: Print and Online
• Peer Review: Double-blind peer review
• Identifiers:
  • Print ISSN 
  • Electronic ISSN 
  • Crossref DOI assigned to all articles

Submission Guidelines

Author Guidelines / Instructions to Authors

Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they contain original scholarly work that has not been previously published nor is under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors must submit manuscripts through https://tinyurl.com/IJTRAVE

For manuscripts with two or more authors, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.

For inquiries, authors may contact:

• ETCOR Mobile: 0939-202-9035
• Email: embracingthecultureofresearch@gmail.com

Funding Disclosure

All authors must disclose all funding sources or financial support, if any, related to the research.

With regard to research submitted for possible publication, authors must ensure that they follow the journal format, including the template, header, footer, font size and font style. Author/s must download and follow the sample manuscript found via Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesIJTRAVE  Kindly reduce the manuscript to 10-12 pages only, including the References. Kindly choose only the most salient parts of the paper. 

Additionally, kindly comply with the following:

1. Academic Significance, Theological Contribution, and Relevance to Values Education

The manuscript must demonstrate clear academic significance and scholarly contribution to fields such as:

• Theology and religious studies • Biblical and scriptural studies • Comparative religion and interfaith dialogue • Moral theology and ethical philosophy • Spiritual formation and faith development • Religious education and catechetics • Character and values formation • Religion and society • Religion, culture, and social transformation

Specifically, the manuscript must:

• Contribute new insights into theological discourse, religious scholarship, or values education • Demonstrate the scholarly relevance of the research to faith traditions, moral formation, or ethical reflection • Clearly identify the research gap in existing theological or religious scholarship • Explain how the study contributes to religious understanding, ethical discourse, or educational practice

Studies that merely describe religious beliefs or traditions without critical analysis, theoretical grounding, or scholarly contribution may not proceed to the next stage of review.

2. English Usage (or Filipino, if applicable)

The manuscript must adhere to international academic language standards.

Ensure the following:

• Use past tense consistently, particularly in the Method section • Avoid first-person pronouns (“I,” “we”) and maintain a formal third-person scholarly tone • Avoid contractions (e.g., use do not instead of don’t) • Provide English translations for religious or cultural terms not familiar to international readers • Clearly explain religious traditions, theological concepts, or cultural practices that may be unfamiliar to a global audience

3. Abstract

The abstract must concisely summarize the entire study.

It must clearly present the following components:

• Aim – The purpose of the study and its relevance to theology, religion, or values education • Methodology – The research design or analytical approach • Results – Major findings or key insights • Conclusion – Implications for theology, ethics, values education, or religious scholarship

The abstract must clearly demonstrate the scholarly and ethical contribution of the research.

4. Introduction / Background of the Study

The introduction must establish the importance of the research problem within theological, religious, or ethical scholarship.

It must:

• Present the global, regional, national, or community context of the issue • Discuss theological debates, ethical concerns, or religious developments relevant to the study • Support arguments using recent scholarly literature (preferably 2021–2026) • Clearly identify the research gap

The introduction must demonstrate how the study contributes to theological reflection, religious scholarship, or values education research.

5. Statement of the Problem, Research Objectives, and Research Questions

These sections must clearly define the theological, religious, or ethical issue addressed by the research.

Statement of the Problem

This section should explain the religious, ethical, or moral issue examined in the study.

Example:

“Despite the continuing importance of faith-based education in many societies, limited empirical research has examined how religious education programs contribute to the moral development and ethical decision-making of students.”

Research Objectives

Objectives must be written in infinitive form.

Example:

General Objective To examine the role of religious education in shaping moral values among secondary school students.

Specific Objectives:

1. To assess the extent to which religious education contributes to character formation
2. To examine how faith-based teachings influence ethical decision-making among students
3. To propose strategies for strengthening values education within religious education programs

Research Questions

Research questions must be written in interrogative form and must correspond to the objectives.

6. Review of Related Literature and Studies

This section must include recent and relevant scholarly literature related to theology, religion, ethics, or values education.

Ensure that:

• Sources are recent (preferably 2021–2026) • Literature reflects developments in theological studies, religious scholarship, ethics, or moral education • Citations logically support the arguments presented • The section concludes with a clear synthesis identifying the research gap

Avoid:

• Excessively outdated references • Sources labeled no date (n.d.)

7. Theoretical and/or Conceptual Framework

The study must be anchored in an appropriate theoretical framework.

Possible frameworks include:

• Theological frameworks • Moral theology • Ethical philosophy • Religious education theory • Faith development theory • Character education frameworks • Interfaith dialogue frameworks • Spiritual formation models

The conceptual framework must clearly illustrate the relationships among key variables, concepts, or theological constructs examined in the study.

8. Research Methodology

The methodology section must clearly explain how the research was conducted.

Include the following subsections:

Research Design

Explain the research design used and justify why it is appropriate for theological, religious, or values education research.

Possible approaches include:

• Qualitative theological analysis • Historical theological research • Empirical research in religious education • Case studies of religious institutions • Mixed-methods studies on values formation • Comparative religious analysis

Population and Sampling / Sources of Data

Participants or sources may include:

• Religious educators • Theology students • Faith community members • Religious leaders or clergy • Educational institutions • Sacred texts or religious documents • Historical or theological archives

Clearly explain how respondents or sources were selected.

Instruments

Explain whether the instrument was adopted, adapted, or researcher-developed, including the validation process.

Data Collection

Explain how, when, and where data were collected.

Treatment of Data

Describe the statistical or qualitative analysis methods used.

For qualitative studies, explain how interpretations, themes, or theological insights were derived.

Ethical Considerations

Include:

• Ethical approval (if applicable) • Informed consent from participants • Respect for religious beliefs and cultural sensitivity • Confidentiality of respondents

9. Results and Discussion

Results must be presented clearly according to the research questions or analytical themes.

The discussion must:

• Interpret findings using theological frameworks, ethical theory, or religious scholarship • Compare results with recent scholarly studies • Explain implications for religious education, faith communities, ethical discourse, or theological reflection

Results and discussion must be integrated.

10. Conclusions and Scholarly Recommendations

Conclusions must be derived directly from the findings.

They must highlight contributions to:

• Theology and religious scholarship • Ethical philosophy • Values education • Faith-based education and character formation

Recommendations should be directed toward:

• Religious educators • Faith-based institutions • Educational institutions • Religious communities • Scholars of theology and ethics

Avoid vague or generic recommendations.

11. References (APA 7th Edition)

All references must strictly follow APA 7th edition formatting.

Ensure that:

• All in-text citations appear in the References list and vice versa • Journal titles are italicized • Volume numbers are italicized • DOI numbers are written as URLs • References are arranged alphabetically • Hanging indentation is used

Failure to comply with APA formatting standards may delay the review process.

12. Acronyms and Abbreviations

All acronyms must be spelled out upon first use.

Example:

World Council of Churches (WCC)

Do not assume international readers are familiar with local religious or institutional acronyms.

Authors are also required to submit a duly signed Authorship and Contribution Declaration Form, which can be accessed through Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesIJTRAVE 

Review Process

Upon receipt, authors receive an acknowledgment email.

Manuscripts not following the journal template will be returned. Compliant manuscripts undergo:

1. Initial screening by the Associate Editor
2. Plagiarism check
3. Double-blind peer review by two subject-expert reviewers

Review decisions may be:

• Publish unaltered
• Accept after minor revisions
• Accept after major revisions
• Reject

In cases of split reviewer decisions, a third reviewer will be assigned. Authors are given two weeks for revisions. Final decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief.

Publication Policies and Ethics

Changes to Authorship

Authors retain copyright under a licensed agreement and may archive:

• Pre-print
• Post-print
• Publisher’s PDF

Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Article Retraction

Retractions may occur due to ethical violations such as plagiarism, duplicate submission, or data fabrication. Retraction fee: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal after completion of review and editorial processing incurs a fee of: PHP 6,000 (USD 120)

Article Removal

Articles may be removed only under legal or safety circumstances.

Additional Information

• Call for Research Articles: Rolling basis
• Application for Peer Reviewers and Language Editors: Open
• Publication Charges and Discounts: Available for ETCOR Research Consultants and External Reviewers
• Indexing and Archiving: International databases and institutional repositories
• Editorial Board: International and multidisciplinary

Editor’s Note (Maiden Issue)

International Journal of Theology, Religion, and Values Education (IJTRAVE)

It is with profound honor and great anticipation that we present the maiden issue of the International Journal of Theology, Religion, and Values Education (IJTRAVE). This inaugural publication reflects ETCOR Educational Research Center’s continued commitment to fostering rigorous scholarship that explores the enduring influence of faith traditions, ethical reflection, and values formation in shaping individuals, communities, and societies across the world.

Religion and theology have long served as foundational sources of meaning, moral guidance, and philosophical inquiry within human civilization. In contemporary times marked by rapid technological advancement, globalization, and complex social transformations, scholarly engagement with theology and religious traditions remains essential for deepening ethical reflection and fostering intercultural understanding.

IJTRAVE was established to provide an international scholarly platform for theologians, religious scholars, philosophers, educators, and interdisciplinary researchers who examine faith, spirituality, moral formation, and values-based education from diverse intellectual and cultural perspectives. The journal recognizes that religion and values education continue to play a significant role in shaping both personal identity and social responsibility.

As a peer-reviewed international journal, IJTRAVE upholds strict standards of academic excellence through a rigorous double-blind review process, adherence to ethical publication practices, and commitment to intellectual integrity. Each manuscript published in the journal is evaluated for its scholarly depth, theological insight, methodological rigor, and contribution to ongoing academic discourse.

The journal welcomes a wide range of scholarly approaches including theological analysis, philosophical reflection, empirical research in religious education, comparative studies of religious traditions, and interdisciplinary inquiry that bridges theology with education, sociology, history, and cultural studies.

This maiden issue represents the collaborative efforts of authors, reviewers, editors, and academic contributors who share a commitment to advancing thoughtful and responsible scholarship in theology and religious studies. Their dedication ensures that the journal meets international scholarly standards while remaining inclusive of diverse religious traditions and intellectual perspectives.

IJTRAVE is intentionally positioned as a global journal. By welcoming contributions from scholars across different regions, cultures, and faith traditions, the journal promotes dialogue that enriches theological reflection and supports mutual understanding among diverse communities.

The journal also seeks to support emerging scholars, educators, and independent researchers whose work contributes to the advancement of theology, religious scholarship, and values education. IJTRAVE aims to cultivate an academic environment where both established and emerging voices can engage in meaningful scholarly exchange.

As we launch this inaugural issue, we reaffirm our commitment to ethical publishing, transparency, and continuous scholarly development. The International Journal of Theology, Religion, and Values Education will continue to evolve in response to emerging theological debates, educational innovations, and global conversations on faith and moral responsibility.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, we extend our sincere appreciation to the scholars and reviewers who contributed to this first issue. We warmly invite theologians, religious scholars, educators, and interdisciplinary researchers worldwide to participate in future issues of IJTRAVE as we collectively advance scholarship that deepens understanding of faith, ethics, and values in the modern world.

Dr. Richard D. Sanchez — Editor-in-Chief International Journal of Theology, Religion, and Values Education (IJTRAVE)

Editorial Board

International Journal of Theology, Religion, and Values Education (IJTRAVE)

Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Richard D. Sanchez

Associate Editors

• Dr. Jonathan P. Morales – Systematic and Philosophical Theology • Dr. Fatima N. Al-Khalifa – Comparative Religion and Interfaith Dialogue • Dr. Michael A. Whitmore – Religious Education and Faith Formation • Dr. Teresa L. Navarro – Ethics, Moral Theology, and Values Education

Managing Editor

Dr. Adrian C. Villanueva

Section Editors

• Dr. Emmanuel R. Castillo – Biblical and Scriptural Studies • Dr. Amina S. Al-Hassan – Religion and Society • Dr. Peter L. Gonzales – Theology and Spirituality • Dr. Hannah C. Mercado – Values Education and Character Formation • Dr. Samuel K. Adeyemi – Religion and Global Ethics • Dr. Lucia M. Herrera – Catholic Theology and Moral Philosophy • Dr. Ravi S. Natarajan – Eastern Religions and Philosophical Traditions • Dr. Daniel O. Mensah – Religion, Peacebuilding, and Social Development

Journal Staff

Editorial Assistant Ms. Camille D. Reyes

Copy Editor Ms. Patricia L. Mendoza

Language Editor Dr. Elizabeth A. Thompson

Layout and Production Editor Mr. Lawrence P. Cruz

Plagiarism and Ethics Officer Dr. Ricardo S. Bautista

Technical and Web Support ETCOR Publications and Digital Systems Unit

Pool of Peer Reviewers

(International and Multidisciplinary)

• Dr. Anthony D. Valdez – Theology and Biblical Studies, Philippines • Dr. Mark J. Sullivan – Systematic Theology, United States • Dr. Amina N. Al-Farouqi – Islamic Studies and Comparative Religion, United Arab Emirates • Dr. Daniel K. Mensah – Religion and Society, Ghana • Dr. Lucia M. Herrera – Catholic Theology and Ethics, Spain • Dr. Ravi S. Natarajan – Hindu Philosophy and Religious Studies, India • Dr. Chen Wei-Liang – Religion and Culture Studies, Taiwan • Dr. Samuel T. Okoro – Christian Theology and Religious Education, Nigeria • Dr. Maria Isabel Santos – Values Education and Moral Formation, Philippines • Dr. Thomas R. Whitfield – Philosophy of Religion, United Kingdom

International Journal of Journalism and Campus Media Practice (IJ-CAMP)

Submit an article: https://tinyurl.com/IJ-CAMPjournal

Templates: https://tinyurl.com/TemplatesIJ-CAMP 

Frequency: A Quarterly Peer-Reviewed International Research Journal

Print ISSN: 3116-4978 

Electronic ISSN: 3116-4986

About the Journal

The International Journal of Journalism and Campus Media Practice (IJ-CAMP) is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, international print and online research journal dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in journalism, campus media practice, communication, media studies, and journalism education.

The journal recognizes the essential role of journalism and campus media in promoting informed societies, responsible communication, democratic participation, and media literacy across local and global contexts.

IJ-CAMP acknowledges that campus journalism serves as an important training ground for future journalists, communication professionals, and civic leaders. Student publications, school press organizations, and campus media platforms cultivate critical thinking, ethical reporting, editorial responsibility, and participatory dialogue within academic communities.

The journal serves as a global platform for journalists, campus journalists, media educators, communication scholars, journalism advisers, and interdisciplinary researchers to disseminate high-quality theoretical, empirical, pedagogical, and practice-based research that advances responsible journalism, ethical media practice, and media literacy in both educational and professional environments.

IJ-CAMP is committed to maintaining rigorous scholarly and ethical standards, responsible media research, and global visibility through international indexing, Crossref DOI registration, and print and electronic ISSN accreditation.

Aims and Scope

Aims

IJ-CAMP aims to:

1. Promote high-quality research in journalism, campus media, and communication studies.
2. Advance theoretical and practical understanding of journalism practice and media communication.
3. Encourage interdisciplinary integration of journalism, education, communication, and media studies.
4. Provide a venue for global, comparative, and application-driven research on campus journalism and media practice.
5. Support ethical, responsible, and democratic journalism practices in both student and professional media environments.

Scope

The journal welcomes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, discourse analyses, newsroom-based studies, campus media research, and conceptual papers in, but not limited to, the following areas:

• Journalism studies and media research • Campus journalism and student publications • News reporting, writing, and editorial practices • Journalism ethics and media accountability • Media literacy and information verification • Digital journalism and online media platforms • Investigative and data journalism • Journalism education and training • Campus press governance and editorial independence • Communication studies and media discourse analysis • Political communication and journalism in democratic societies • Media framing, agenda setting, and public opinion • Citizen journalism and community media • Artificial intelligence and emerging technologies in journalism • Journalism pedagogy and curriculum development • Interdisciplinary studies in journalism, media, and communication

Publication Frequency and Format

• Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year) • Formats: Print and Online • Review Type: Double-blind peer review

Identifiers

• Print ISSN • Electronic ISSN • Crossref DOI assigned to all published articles